How to format your references using the Northeastern Naturalist citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Northeastern Naturalist. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Koenig, R. 2000. EASTERN EUROPE: Science Survives in Breakaway States. Science (New York, N.Y.) 290:692–693.

A journal article with 2 authors

Mudd, J.O., and D.A. Kass. 2008. Tackling heart failure in the twenty-first century. Nature 451:919–928.

A journal article with 3 authors

Unal, E., B. Kinde, and A. Amon. 2011. Gametogenesis eliminates age-induced cellular damage and resets life span in yeast. Science (New York, N.Y.) 332:1554–1557.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Hu, J., C. Zhong, C. Ding, Q. Chi, A. Walz, P. Mombaerts, H. Matsunami, and M. Luo. 2007. Detection of near-atmospheric concentrations of CO2 by an olfactory subsystem in the mouse. Science (New York, N.Y.) 317:953–957.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Maillard, P. 2013. Competitive Quality Strategies. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ USA.

An edited book

Che, W., Q. Han, H. Wang, W. Jing, S. Peng, J. Lin, G. Sun, X. Song, H. Song, and Z. Lu (Eds.). 2016. Social Computing: Second International Conference of Young Computer Scientists, Engineers and Educators, ICYCSEE 2016, Harbin, China, August 20-22, 2016, Proceedings, Part II. Vol. 624. Communications in Computer and Information Science, Springer, Singapore. XXIII, 238 p. 71 illus pp.

A chapter in an edited book

He-cheng, W., and L. Su. 2012. Application of Fuzzy Clustering in Making Distribution Strategy of Travel Coupons-—Case of Hangzhou. Pp. 37–43, In H. Kim (Ed.). Advances in Technology and Management: Proceedings of the 2012 International Conference on Technology and Management (ICTAM 2012), International Convention Center Jeju, Jeju-Island, Korea. Advances in Intelligent and Soft Computing, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Northeastern Naturalist.

Blog post

Hale, T. 2016. Enormous Green Meteor Caught On Camera Above California. IFLScience. IFLScience. Available online at https://www.iflscience.com/space/check-out-green-meteor-light-above-california/. Accessed October 30, 2018.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 2009. Telecommunications: FCC Needs to Improve Oversight of Wireless Phone Service. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Wilensky, S.E. 2010. 340B prime vendor program: Health center decision making and barriers to participation. Doctoral dissertation. George Washington University, Washington, DC.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kanter, J., and M. Eddy. 2016. E.U. Official Apologizes For Comments On Chinese. New York Times3 November 2016:A13.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Koenig 2000).
This sentence cites two references (Koenig 2000, Mudd and Kass 2008).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Mudd and Kass 2008)
Three or more authors: (Hu et al. 2007)

About the journal

Full journal title	Northeastern Naturalist
Abbreviation	Northeast. Nat. (Steuben)
ISSN (print)	1092-6194
ISSN (online)	1938-5307
Scope	Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics