How to format your references using the Nigerian Food Journal citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Nigerian Food Journal. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Ward, M.D., 2005. Materials science. Snapshots of crystal growth. Science 308, 1566–1567.

A journal article with 2 authors

Wehr, M., Zador, A.M., 2003. Balanced inhibition underlies tuning and sharpens spike timing in auditory cortex. Nature 426, 442–446.

A journal article with 3 authors

Hahnloser, R.H.R., Kozhevnikov, A.A., Fee, M.S., 2002. An ultra-sparse code underlies the generation of neural sequences in a songbird. Nature 419, 65–70.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Chang, C., Holtzman, D.A., Chau, S., Chickering, T., Woolf, E.A., Holmgren, L.M., Bodorova, J., Gearing, D.P., Holmes, W.E., Brivanlou, A.H., 2001. Twisted gastrulation can function as a BMP antagonist. Nature 410, 483–487.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Equipment Testing Procedures Committee of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers, 2014. Trayed and Packed Columns. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ.

An edited book

Yaduvanshi, R.S., 2016. Rectangular Dielectric Resonator Antennas: Theory and Design, 1st ed. 2016. ed. Springer India, New Delhi.

A chapter in an edited book

Bider, I., Perjons, E., Elias, M., 2012. Untangling the Dynamic Structure of an Enterprise by Applying a Fractal Approach to Business Processes, in: Sandkuhl, K., Seigerroth, U., Stirna, J. (Eds.), The Practice of Enterprise Modeling: 5th IFIP WG 8.1 Working Conference, PoEM 2012, Rostock, Germany, November 7-8, 2012. Proceedings, Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp. 61–75.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Nigerian Food Journal.

Blog post

O`Callaghan, J., 2015. First Ever Detection Of Lithium From Nova Could Solve Cosmic Conundrum [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL https://www.iflscience.com/space/embargo-29-july-11am-bst-first-ever-detection-lithium-nova-could-solve-cosmic-conundrum/ (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 1994. [Request for Decision on EEOC Employee’s Claim for Transportation Expenses] (No. B-256635). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Rogers, S., 2014. Teacher Induction Programs: How Key Components Influence Teacher Retention Rates in Rural School Districts (Doctoral dissertation). Lindenwood University, St. Charles, MO.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Hodgman, J., 2016. Bonus Advice From Judge John Hodgman. New York Times MM34.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Ward, 2005).
This sentence cites two references (Ward, 2005; Wehr and Zador, 2003).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Wehr and Zador, 2003)
Three or more authors: (Chang et al., 2001)

About the journal

Full journal title	Nigerian Food Journal
Abbreviation	Niger. Food J.
ISSN (print)	0189-7241
Scope