How to format your references using the Nigerian Food Journal citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Nigerian Food Journal. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Dando, P.R., 2008. Obituary: Alan J. Southward (1928-2007). Nature 451, 28.

A journal article with 2 authors

Kalcheim, C., Rohrer, H., 2014. Neuroscience. Following the same nerve track toward different cell fates. Science 345, 32–33.

A journal article with 3 authors

Allesina, S., Alonso, D., Pascual, M., 2008. A general model for food web structure. Science 320, 658–661.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Zhang, F., Wang, Z., Dong, W., Sun, C., Wang, H., Song, A., He, L., Fang, W., Chen, F., Teng, N., 2014. Transcriptomic and proteomic analysis reveals mechanisms of embryo abortion during chrysanthemum cross breeding. Sci. Rep. 4, 6536.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Girmscheid, G., 2013. Bauprozesse und Bauverfahren des Tunnelbaus. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim, Germany.

An edited book

Groettrup, M. (Ed.), 2010. Conjugation and Deconjugation of Ubiquitin Family Modifiers: Subcellular Biochemistry, Subcellular Biochemistry. Springer, New York, NY.

A chapter in an edited book

Eom, J.-H., Kim, S., Kim, S.-H., Zhang, B.-T., 2006. A Tree Kernel-Based Method for Protein-Protein Interaction Mining from Biomedical Literature, in: Bremer, E.G., Hakenberg, J., Han, E.-H. (sam), Berrar, D., Dubitzky, W. (Eds.), Knowledge Discovery in Life Science Literature: PAKDD 2006 International Workshop, KDLL 2006, Singapore, April 9, 2006. Proceedings, Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp. 42–52.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Nigerian Food Journal.

Blog post

Carpineti, A., 2016. Shiny Metal Meteorite Spotted By Curiosity On Mars [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 1973. DOD’s Data Banks on Contractors’ Independent Research and Development Programs (No. B-163391). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Li, S., 2009. Semiconductor and metal oxide nanoparticles: Synthesis, physical properties and industrial application (Doctoral dissertation). Columbia University, New York, NY.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kelly, M., 1993. CLINTON’S ECONOMIC PLAN: The Campaign; Gambling That a Tax-Cut Promise Was Not Taken Seriously. New York Times A16.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Dando, 2008).
This sentence cites two references (Dando, 2008; Kalcheim and Rohrer, 2014).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Kalcheim and Rohrer, 2014)
Three or more authors: (Zhang et al., 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Nigerian Food Journal
Abbreviation	Niger. Food J.
ISSN (print)	0189-7241
Scope