How to format your references using the Nigerian Food Journal citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Nigerian Food Journal. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Gasse, F., 2001. Paleoclimate. Hydrological changes in Africa. Science 292, 2259–2260.

A journal article with 2 authors

Wolfe, M.S., Kopan, R., 2004. Intramembrane proteolysis: theme and variations. Science 305, 1119–1123.

A journal article with 3 authors

Storey, M., Duncan, R.A., Swisher, C.C., 3rd, 2007. Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum and the opening of the Northeast Atlantic. Science 316, 587–589.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Zhao, Q., Zhou, H., Chi, S., Wang, Y., Wang, Jianhua, Geng, J., Wu, K., Liu, W., Zhang, T., Dong, M.-Q., Wang, Jiawei, Li, X., Xiao, B., 2018. Structure and mechanogating mechanism of the Piezo1 channel. Nature 554, 487–492.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Equipment Testing Procedures Committee, 2007. Positive Displacement Pumps. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ.

An edited book

Wang, H., Sharaf, M.A. (Eds.), 2014. Databases Theory and Applications: 25th Australasian Database Conference, ADC 2014, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, July 14-16, 2014. Proceedings, Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer International Publishing, Cham.

A chapter in an edited book

Rincon-Florez, V.A., Carvalhais, L.C., Dang, Y.P., Schenk, P.M., 2016. Soil Microbial Community Interactions Under Tillage Systems in Australia, in: Hakeem, K.R., Akhtar, M.S., Abdullah, S.N.A. (Eds.), Plant, Soil and Microbes: Volume 1: Implications in Crop Science. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp. 93–102.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Nigerian Food Journal.

Blog post

Evans, K., 2016. Scientifically Proven Features Men Find Attractive In Women [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL https://www.iflscience.com/editors-blog/scientifically-proven-features-men-find-attractive-in-women/ (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 1981. Comments on H.R. 5103, Mineta letter (No. CBD-2-63). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Zimmerman, K.L., 2017. Perceived and preferred organizational culture on behavior intentions in the hospitality industry (Doctoral dissertation). Capella University, Minneapolis, MN.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Lee, L., 2012. Chandana Kanithi and Siva Korukonda. New York Times ST14.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Gasse, 2001).
This sentence cites two references (Gasse, 2001; Wolfe and Kopan, 2004).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Wolfe and Kopan, 2004)
Three or more authors: (Zhao et al., 2018)

About the journal

Full journal title	Nigerian Food Journal
Abbreviation	Niger. Food J.
ISSN (print)	0189-7241
Scope