How to format your references using the New Writing citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for New Writing. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Raguso, Robert A. 2008. “Plant Science. The ‘Invisible Hand’ of Floral Chemistry.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 321 (5893): 1163–1164.

A journal article with 2 authors

O’Neill, Luke A. J., and D. Grahame Hardie. 2013. “Metabolism of Inflammation Limited by AMPK and Pseudo-Starvation.” Nature 493 (7432): 346–355.

A journal article with 3 authors

Koschowitz, Marie-Claire, Christian Fischer, and Martin Sander. 2014. “Evolution. Beyond the Rainbow.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 346 (6208): 416–418.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Garcia-Perez, Jose L., Maria Morell, Joshua O. Scheys, Deanna A. Kulpa, Santiago Morell, Christoph C. Carter, Gary D. Hammer, et al. 2010. “Epigenetic Silencing of Engineered L1 Retrotransposition Events in Human Embryonic Carcinoma Cells.” Nature 466 (7307): 769–773.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Snape, Steven. 2011. Ancient Egyptian Tombs. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell.

An edited book

Bartocci, Claudio, Renato Betti, Angelo Guerraggio, and Roberto Lucchetti, eds. 2011. Mathematical Lives: Protagonists of the Twentieth Century From Hilbert to Wiles. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Provencher, Matthew T., Rachel F. Frank, Daniel J. Gross, and Petar Golijanin. 2015. “Glenoid.” In Normal and Pathological Anatomy of the Shoulder, edited by Gregory I. Bain, Eiji Itoi, Giovanni Di Giacomo, and Hiroyuki Sugaya, 35–45. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for New Writing.

Blog post

Fang, Janet. 2014. “Birds Camouflage Nests Using Matching Colors.” IFLScience. IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 2006. Enterprise Architecture: Leadership Remains Key to Establishing and Leveraging Architectures for Organizational Transformation. GAO-06-831. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Foster, Henry Clay. 2017. “The Effect of Droplet Size and Sprayer Type on Physical Drift.” Doctoral dissertation, Mississippi State, MS: Mississippi State University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Dinardo, Kelly. 2015. “What Tim Cope Learned from the Nomads.” New York Times, August 9.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Raguso 2008).
This sentence cites two references (Raguso 2008; O’Neill and Hardie 2013).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (O’Neill and Hardie 2013)
Three authors: (Koschowitz, Fischer, and Sander 2014)
4 or more authors: (Garcia-Perez et al. 2010)

About the journal

Full journal title	New Writing
ISSN (print)	1479-0726
ISSN (online)	1943-3107
Scope	Literature and Literary Theory