How to format your references using the New Writing citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for New Writing. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Bauer, Gerrit E. W. 2004. “Applied Physics. Mesmerizing Semiconductors.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 306 (5703): 1898–1899.

A journal article with 2 authors

Kobayashi, Takehiko, and Austen R. D. Ganley. 2005. “Recombination Regulation by Transcription-Induced Cohesin Dissociation in RDNA Repeats.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 309 (5740): 1581–1584.

A journal article with 3 authors

Osawa, Masaki, David E. Anderson, and Harold P. Erickson. 2008. “Reconstitution of Contractile FtsZ Rings in Liposomes.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 320 (5877): 792–794.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Leeman, Dena S., Katja Hebestreit, Tyson Ruetz, Ashley E. Webb, Andrew McKay, Elizabeth A. Pollina, Ben W. Dulken, et al. 2018. “Lysosome Activation Clears Aggregates and Enhances Quiescent Neural Stem Cell Activation during Aging.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 359 (6381): 1277–1283.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Abdul-Rahman, Yahia. 2014. The Art of RF (Riba-Free) Islamic Banking and Finance. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Honkela, Timo, Włodzisław Duch, Mark Girolami, and Samuel Kaski, eds. 2011. Artificial Neural Networks and Machine Learning – ICANN 2011: 21st International Conference on Artificial Neural Networks, Espoo, Finland, June 14-17, 2011, Proceedings, Part II. Vol. 6792. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Zeng, Deze, Lin Gu, and Song Guo. 2015. “Cost Minimization for Big Data Processing in Geo-Distributed Data Centers.” In Cloud Networking for Big Data, edited by Lin Gu and Song Guo, 59–78. Wireless Networks. Cham: Springer International Publishing.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for New Writing.

Blog post

Davis, Josh. 2017. “First Case Of Drug-Resistant Malaria From Africa Has Been Discovered.” IFLScience. IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 2011. Next Generation Air Transportation System: Linking Test Facilities Can Help Leverage Resources and Improve Technology Transfer Efforts. GAO-12-187T. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Paustian, Megan Elisabeth. 2010. “Evaluating Competition between the Non-Native Slug Arion Subfuscus and the Native Slug Philomycus Carolinianus.” Doctoral dissertation, College Park, MD: University of Maryland, College Park.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Luongo, Michael T. 2017. “In Detroit, a Theater Establishes a Beat.” New York Times, October 25.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Bauer 2004).
This sentence cites two references (Bauer 2004; Kobayashi and Ganley 2005).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Kobayashi and Ganley 2005)
Three authors: (Osawa, Anderson, and Erickson 2008)
4 or more authors: (Leeman et al. 2018)

About the journal

Full journal title	New Writing
ISSN (print)	1479-0726
ISSN (online)	1943-3107
Scope	Literature and Literary Theory