How to format your references using the Neurospine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Neurospine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Couzin-Frankel J. The elusive heart fix. Science 2014;345(6194):252–7.

A journal article with 2 authors

Scharlemann JPW, Laurance WF. Environmental science. How green are biofuels? Science 2008;319(5859):43–4.

A journal article with 3 authors

Lill JT, Marquis RJ, Ricklefs RE. Host plants influence parasitism of forest caterpillars. Nature 2002;417(6885):170–3.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Smedskjaer MM, Youngman RE, Striepe S, et al. Irreversibility of pressure induced boron speciation change in glass. Sci Rep 2014;4:3770.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Rahman ROA, Rakhimov RZ, Rakhimova NR, et al. Cementitious Materials for Nuclear Waste Immobilization. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2014.

An edited book

Maneth S, editor. Data Science: 30th British International Conference on Databases, BICOD 2015, Edinburgh, UK, July 6-8, 2015, Proceedings. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2015.

A chapter in an edited book

Lagorio SL, Vizán H, Geuna SE. Geodynamical Setting for the Tholeiites of Misiones Province (North-eastern Argentina) in the Context of the PMP and the Alkaline Volcanism of Córdoba Province (Central Argentina). In: Vizán H, Geuna SE, editors. Early Cretaceous Volcanism in Central and Eastern Argentina During Gondwana Break-Up. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016:129–35.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Neurospine.

Blog post

Carpineti A. Black Hole Might Be Hiding Inside A Nebula [Internet]. IFLScience. 2017 [cited 2018 Oct 30]; Available at: https://www.iflscience.com/space/black-hole-might-be-hiding-inside-a-nebula/. Accessed October 30, 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Year 2000 Computing Crisis: A Testing Guide (Exposure Draft) (Superseded by AIMD-10.1.21). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1998.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Williams Soberanes C. Experiences of Mexican Immigrant Women Living in the Washington D.C. Metropolitan Area. 2012;

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Feeney K. Finding Farms To Share In. New York Times. 2008;NJ6.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Neurospine
ISSN (print)	2586-6583
ISSN (online)	2586-6591
Scope