How to format your references using the Neurophotonics citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Neurophotonics. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

V. Gewin, “The art of self-defence,” Nature 452(7186), 498–500 (2008).

A journal article with 2 authors

E. Carrizosa and T. R. Mempel, “Immunology: In the right place at the right time,” Nature 528(7581), 205–206 (2015).

A journal article with 3 authors

J. P. Fitch, E. Raber, and D. R. Imbro, “Technology challenges in responding to biological or chemical attacks in the civilian sector,” Science 302(5649), 1350–1354 (2003).

A journal article with 4 or more authors

I. Sencan et al., “Spectral demultiplexing in holographic and fluorescent on-chip microscopy,” Sci. Rep. 4, 3760 (2014).

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

L. Simon, Control of Biological and Drug-Delivery Systems for Chemical, Biomedical, and Pharmaceutical Engineering, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ (2013).

An edited book

M. G. Hinchey et al., Eds., Formal Approaches to Agent-Based Systems: Third International Workshop, FAABS 2004, Greenbelt, MD, April 26-27, 2004, Revised Selected Papers, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg (2005).

A chapter in an edited book

J. O. Wallgrün, “Voronoi Graph Matching for Robot Localization and Mapping,” in Transactions on Computational Science IX: Special Issue on Voronoi Diagrams in Science and Engineering, M. L. Gavrilova, C. J. K. Tan, and F. Anton, Eds., pp. 76–108, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg (2010).

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Neurophotonics.

Blog post

E. Andrew, “It’s Not Just Your TV Listening In To Your Conversation,” IFLScience, 10 February 2015 (accessed 30 October 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, “Charter Bus Service: Local Factors Determine Effectiveness of Federal Regulation,” RCED-93-162, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC (1993).

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

H. Shen, “Organization -employee relationships model: A two -sided story,” Doctoral dissertation, University of Maryland, College Park (2009).

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

B. Rothenberg, “Azarenka Pulls Out of the Open Over a Custody Dispute,” in New York Times, p. B11 (2017).

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Neurophotonics
Abbreviation	Neurophotonics
ISSN (print)	2329-423X
ISSN (online)	2329-4248
Scope	Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging Neuroscience (miscellaneous) Radiological and Ultrasound Technology