How to format your references using the Neurophotonics citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Neurophotonics. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

R. Pielke Jr, “Gather data to reveal true extent of doping in sport,” Nature 517(7536), 529 (2015).

A journal article with 2 authors

T. S. Furey and P. Sethupathy, “Genetics. Genetics driving epigenetics,” Science 342(6159), 705–706 (2013).

A journal article with 3 authors

S. P. Good, D. Noone, and G. Bowen, “WATER RESOURCES. Hydrologic connectivity constrains partitioning of global terrestrial water fluxes,” Science 349(6244), 175–177 (2015).

A journal article with 4 or more authors

R. Ushioda et al., “ERdj5 is required as a disulfide reductase for degradation of misfolded proteins in the ER,” Science 321(5888), 569–572 (2008).

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

S. Kulkarni and G. Harman, An Elementary Introduction to Statistical Learning Theory: Kulkarni/Statistical Learning Theory, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ (2011).

An edited book

S. Kusuoka and T. Maruyama, Eds., Advances in Mathematical Economics Volume 20, Springer, Singapore (2016).

A chapter in an edited book

C. Chen et al., “Combined Public-Key Schemes: The Case of ABE and ABS,” in Provable Security: 6th International Conference, ProvSec 2012, Chengdu, China, September 26-28, 2012. Proceedings, T. Takagi et al., Eds., pp. 53–69, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg (2012).

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Neurophotonics.

Blog post

K. Evans, “Distinct Shapes Of Ancient Skulls Indicates Multiple Migrations Into Early Americas,” IFLScience, 24 February 2017, <https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/distinct-shapes-of-ancient-skulls-indicates-multiple-migrations-into-early-americas/> (accessed 30 October 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, “Applying Agreed-Upon Procedures: Highway Trust Fund Excise Taxes,” GAO-02-379R, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC (2002).

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

K. Thompson, “An Introduction to the Cox Proportional Hazards Model and Its Applications to Survival Analysis,” Doctoral dissertation, Southern Illinois University (2014).

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

J. Wagner, “Mets Move to Retain Cespedes and Walker,” in New York Times, p. B8 (2016).

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Neurophotonics
Abbreviation	Neurophotonics
ISSN (print)	2329-423X
ISSN (online)	2329-4248
Scope	Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging Neuroscience (miscellaneous) Radiological and Ultrasound Technology