How to format your references using the Neuroinformatics citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Neuroinformatics. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Gavaghan, H. (2000). Making moves to redress the gender imbalance. Nature, 405(6787), 715–716.

A journal article with 2 authors

Tong, F., & Engel, S. A. (2001). Interocular rivalry revealed in the human cortical blind-spot representation. Nature, 411(6834), 195–199.

A journal article with 3 authors

Aspinwall, L. G., Brown, T. R., & Tabery, J. (2012). The double-edged sword: does biomechanism increase or decrease judges’ sentencing of psychopaths? Science (New York, N.Y.), 337(6096), 846–849.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Johannessen, O. M., Khvorostovsky, K., Miles, M. W., & Bobylev, L. P. (2005). Recent ice-sheet growth in the interior of Greenland. Science (New York, N.Y.), 310(5750), 1013–1016.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Lam, J. (2014). Enterprise Risk Management. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Horowitz, A. R., & Ishaaya, I. (Eds.). (2016). Advances in Insect Control and Resistance Management. Cham: Springer International Publishing.

A chapter in an edited book

Kaltsas, G., Zannas, A. S., & Chrousos, G. P. (2012). Hypothalamic–Pituitary–Adrenal Axis and Cardiovascular Disease. In P. Hjemdahl, A. Steptoe, & A. Rosengren (Eds.), Stress and Cardiovascular Disease (pp. 71–87). London: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Neuroinformatics.

Blog post

Davis, J. (2015, November 4). Enormous Fish-Eating Spiders Surge In Numbers. IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/fish-eating-spider-making-comeback-britain0/. Accessed 30 October 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (2010). Higher Education: Institutions’ Reported Data Collection Burden Is Higher Than Estimated but Can Be Reduced through Increased Coordination (No. GAO-10-871). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Ray-Dulany, W. R. (2010). Base change for the Iwahori-Hecke algebra of GL2 (Doctoral dissertation). University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Bernstein, J., & Spielberg, B. (2017, March 23). Medicaid Work Rules Won’t Work. New York Times, p. A25.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Gavaghan 2000).
This sentence cites two references (Gavaghan 2000; Tong and Engel 2001).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Tong and Engel 2001)
Three or more authors: (Johannessen et al. 2005)

About the journal

Full journal title	Neuroinformatics
Abbreviation	Neuroinformatics
ISSN (print)	1539-2791
ISSN (online)	1559-0089
Scope	Information Systems Software General Neuroscience