How to format your references using the Neuroimaging Clinics of North America citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Neuroimaging Clinics of North America (NIC). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Taylor Stuart Ross. Why can’t planets be like stars? Nature 2004;430(6999):509.

A journal article with 2 authors

Richards-Kortum Rebecca, Oden Maria. Engineering. Devices for low-resource health care. Science 2013;342(6162):1055–7.

A journal article with 3 authors

Barbot Sylvain, Lapusta Nadia, Avouac Jean-Philippe. Under the hood of the earthquake machine: toward predictive modeling of the seismic cycle. Science 2012;336(6082):707–10.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Costard F., Forget F., Mangold N., et al. Formation of recent martian debris flows by melting of near-surface ground ice at high obliquity. Science 2002;295(5552):110–3.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

May Volkhard, Kühn Oliver. Charge and Energy Transfer Dynamics in Molecular Systems. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH; 2007.

An edited book

Jornitz Maik W., editor. Sterile Filtration. vol. 98. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2006.

A chapter in an edited book

Rephaeli Y., Nevalainen J., Ohashi T., et al. Nonthermal Phenomena in Clusters of Galaxies. In: Kaastra Jelle, editor. Clusters of Galaxies: Beyond the Thermal View. New York, NY: Springer; 2008. p. 71–92.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Neuroimaging Clinics of North America.

Blog post

Carpineti Alfredo. Incredible New Map Of Mercury Revealed. IFLScience. Available at: https://www.iflscience.com/space/incredible-new-map-mercury/. Accessed October 30, 2018, 2016.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Information Technology: Agencies Need to Strengthen Oversight of Billions of Dollars in Operations and Maintenance Investments. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2012.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

James Tenisha Celita. African American Students in a California Community College: Perceptions of Cultural Congruity and Academic Self-Concept within a Black Culture Center. Doctoral dissertation, Pepperdine University, Malibu, CA, 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Gustines George Gene. Filling Pages Not Difficult With a Life Lived Large. New York Times 2014:SP10.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Neuroimaging Clinics of North America
Abbreviation	Neuroimaging Clin. N. Am.
ISSN (print)	1052-5149
ISSN (online)	1557-9867
Scope	General Medicine Clinical Neurology Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging

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