How to format your references using the Neuroimaging Clinics of North America citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Neuroimaging Clinics of North America (NIC). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Normile D. Strange behavior at one dimension. Science 2000;290(5496):1531.

A journal article with 2 authors

Rubin Jonathan D., Taatjes Dylan J. Molecular biology: Mediating transcription and RNA export. Nature 2015;526(7572):199–200.

A journal article with 3 authors

Smith M. A., Brandt J., Shadmehr R. Motor disorder in Huntington’s disease begins as a dysfunction in error feedback control. Nature 2000;403(6769):544–9.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Austin D. W., Allen M. S., McCollum J. M., et al. Gene network shaping of inherent noise spectra. Nature 2006;439(7076):608–11.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Hauser Gerhard. Hygienegerechte Apparate Und Anlagen. D-69451 Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH; 2008.

An edited book

Stanley William. Software Verification and Analysis: An Integrated, Hands-On Approach. London: Springer; 2009.

A chapter in an edited book

Maulucci Maria S. Rivera. Invoking the Sacred: Reflections on the Implications of EcoJustice for Science Education. In: Tippins Deborah J., Mueller Michael P., Eijck Michiel van, et al., editors. Cultural Studies and Environmentalism: The Confluence of EcoJustice, Place-based (Science) Education, and Indigenous Knowledge Systems. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2010. p. 43–9.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Neuroimaging Clinics of North America.

Blog post

Luntz Stephen. Exploding Stars Prove Gravity Constant Over The Last 9 Billion Years. IFLScience. Available at: https://www.iflscience.com/physics/exploding-stars-prove-gravity-constant-over-last-9-billion-years/. Accessed October 30, 2018, 2014.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Additional Costs to Government: Reflagging Kuwaiti Ships and Protecting Them in the Persian Gulf. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1987.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Chen Melissa Soriano. Emergency shelter for abused and neglected elders A grant proposal project. Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA, 2014.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Yablonsky Linda. “Caligula” Gives a Toga Party (But No One’s Really Invited). New York Times 2006:234.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Neuroimaging Clinics of North America
Abbreviation	Neuroimaging Clin. N. Am.
ISSN (print)	1052-5149
ISSN (online)	1557-9867
Scope	General Medicine Clinical Neurology Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging

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