How to format your references using the Neuroimaging Clinics of North America citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Neuroimaging Clinics of North America (NIC). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Hurtgen Matthew T. Geochemistry. The marine sulfur cycle, revisited. Science 2012;337(6092):305–6.

A journal article with 2 authors

Nadeau Robert M., Guilhem Aurélie. Nonvolcanic tremor evolution and the San Simeon and Parkfield, California, earthquakes. Science 2009;325(5937):191–3.

A journal article with 3 authors

Rafkin Scot C. R., Sta Maria Magdalena R. V., Michaels Timothy I. Simulation of the atmospheric thermal circulation of a martian volcano using a mesoscale numerical model. Nature 2002;419(6908):697–9.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Irifune Tetsuo, Shinmei Toru, McCammon Catherine A., et al. Iron partitioning and density changes of pyrolite in Earth’s lower mantle. Science 2010;327(5962):193–5.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Milne Derek. The Psychology of Retirement. Chichester, West Sussex, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.; 2012.

An edited book

Leung Chi Sing, Lee Minho, Chan Jonathan H., editors. Neural Information Processing: 16th International Conference, ICONIP 2009, Bangkok, Thailand, December 1-5, 2009, Proceedings, Part I. vol. 5863. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2009.

A chapter in an edited book

Rauch Alexander, Baschant Ulrike, Tuckermann Jan. Lessons from Glucocorticoid Receptor Action in Bone: New Ways to Avoid Side Effects of Steroid Therapy. In: Choi Yongwon, editor. Osteoimmunology: Interactions of the Immune and Skeletal Systems. New York, NY: Springer; 2013. p. 31–48.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Neuroimaging Clinics of North America.

Blog post

Hamilton Kristy. Cotton Farmers Profit From Simple Steps To Help Pollinators. IFLScience. Available at: https://www.iflscience.com/environment/cotton-farmers-profit-from-simple-steps-to-help-pollinators/. Accessed October 30, 2018, 2016.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Defaulted Student Loans: Preliminary Analysis of Student Loan Borrowers and Defaulters. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1988.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Lawary Yvette. A Comparison of How Three Four-Year University Teacher Education Programs Prepare Pre-Service Teachers to Use Culturally Relevant Pedagogy. Doctoral dissertation, Lindenwood University, St. Charles, MO, 2014.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Brantley Ben. A Woman’s Fortune, and Her Ruin. New York Times 2017:C5.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Neuroimaging Clinics of North America
Abbreviation	Neuroimaging Clin. N. Am.
ISSN (print)	1052-5149
ISSN (online)	1557-9867
Scope	General Medicine Clinical Neurology Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging