How to format your references using the Neuroimaging Clinics of North America citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Neuroimaging Clinics of North America (NIC). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Janka H-Th. Astronomy. The secrets behind supernovae. Science 2002;297(5584):1134–5.

A journal article with 2 authors

Toyoshima Chikashi, Mizutani Tatsuaki. Crystal structure of the calcium pump with a bound ATP analogue. Nature 2004;430(6999):529–35.

A journal article with 3 authors

Lillo Fabrizio, Farmer J. Doyne, Mantegna Rosario N. Econophysics: Master curve for price-impact function. Nature 2003;421(6919):129–30.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Xie Jiansheng, Wu Hao, Dai Chunyan, et al. Beyond Warburg effect--dual metabolic nature of cancer cells. Sci Rep 2014;4:4927.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Carter Michael, Bentley Stephen P. Soil Properties and their Correlations. Chichester, UK: John Wiley &;#38; Sons, Ltd; 2016.

An edited book

Kapetanios Epaminondas, Sugumaran Vijayan, Spiliopoulou Myra, editors. Natural Language and Information Systems: 13th International Conference on Applications of Natural Language to Information Systems, NLDB 2008 London, UK, June 24-27, 2008 Proceedings. vol. 5039. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2008.

A chapter in an edited book

Lynn Roby, Chen Aoyu, Locks Stephanie, et al. Intelligent and Accessible Data Flow Architectures for Manufacturing System Optimization. In: Umeda Shigeki, Nakano Masaru, Mizuyama Hajime, et al., editors. Advances in Production Management Systems: Innovative Production Management Towards Sustainable Growth: IFIP WG 5.7 International Conference, APMS 2015, Tokyo, Japan, September 7-9, 2015, Proceedings, Part I. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2015. p. 27–35.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Neuroimaging Clinics of North America.

Blog post

Davis Josh. Bees Found To Be Living Just Meters From The Top Of An Active Volcano. IFLScience. Available at: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/bees-found-to-be-living-just-meters-from-the-top-of-an-active-volcano/. Accessed October 30, 2018, 2016.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Tax Systems Modernization: Private Sector Modernization Efforts IRS May Want to Examine. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1991.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Farnham Rodrigo Bouchardet. Processing and inpainting of sparse data as applied to atomic force microscopy imaging. Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA, 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Walsh Mary Williams, Werdigier Julia. What’s in Your Pension Plan? New York Times 2013:B1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Neuroimaging Clinics of North America
Abbreviation	Neuroimaging Clin. N. Am.
ISSN (print)	1052-5149
ISSN (online)	1557-9867
Scope	General Medicine Clinical Neurology Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging