How to format your references using the Neurodegenerative Diseases citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Neurodegenerative Diseases. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Pasachoff JM. Solar eclipses as an astrophysical laboratory. Nature. 2009 Jun;459(7248):789–95.

A journal article with 2 authors

Taylor WR, Lin K. Protein knots: A tangled problem. Nature. 2003 Jan;421(6918):25.

A journal article with 3 authors

Wiser MJ, Ribeck N, Lenski RE. Long-term dynamics of adaptation in asexual populations. Science. 2013 Dec;342(6164):1364–7.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Houghton J, Stoicov C, Nomura S, Rogers AB, Carlson J, Li H, et al. Gastric cancer originating from bone marrow-derived cells. Science. 2004 Nov;306(5701):1568–71.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Quéguiner B. The Biogeochemical Cycle of Silicon in the Ocean. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2016.

An edited book

Landriani L. Management and Valuation of Heritage Assets: A Comparative Analysis Between Italy and USA. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2014.

A chapter in an edited book

Engell S, Paulen R, Reniers MA, Sonntag C, Thompson H. Core Research and Innovation Areas in Cyber-Physical Systems of Systems. In: Mousavi MR, Berger C, editors. Cyber Physical Systems. Design, Modeling, and Evaluation: 5th International Workshop, CyPhy 2015, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, October 8, 2015, Proceedings. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2015; pp 40–55.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Neurodegenerative Diseases.

Blog post

Hamilton K. Fentanyl: Widely Used, Deadly When Abused [Internet]. IFLScience. 2016 Jun [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/fentanyl-widely-used-deadly-when-abused/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Transition Series: NASA Issues. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1988.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Okafor-Dike LC. The effect of leadership on economic development: A case study of Nigeria. 2008

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Rothenberg B. Wimbledon’s Qualifying Tournament Is Both 3½ Miles and a World Away. New York Times. 2017 Jun;B10.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Neurodegenerative Diseases
Abbreviation	Neurodegener. Dis.
ISSN (print)	1660-2854
ISSN (online)	1660-2862
Scope	Clinical Neurology Neurology

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