How to format your references using the Neurobiology of Pain citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Neurobiology of Pain. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Miesenböck, G., 2009. The optogenetic catechism. Science 326, 395–399.

A journal article with 2 authors

Zwierlein, M.W., Ketterle, W., 2006. Comment on “Pairing and phase separation in a polarized Fermi gas.” Science 314, 54; author reply 54.

A journal article with 3 authors

Shevenell, A.E., Kennett, J.P., Lea, D.W., 2004. Middle Miocene Southern Ocean cooling and Antarctic cryosphere expansion. Science 305, 1766–1770.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Grimm, N.B., Faeth, S.H., Golubiewski, N.E., Redman, C.L., Wu, J., Bai, X., Briggs, J.M., 2008. Global change and the ecology of cities. Science 319, 756–760.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Ben Mahmoud, M.S., Larrieu, N., Pirovano, A., 2013. Risk Propagation Assessment for Network Security. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ.

An edited book

Jochem, E. (Ed.), 2009. Improving the Efficiency of R&D and the Market Diffusion of Energy Technologies. Physica-Verlag HD, Heidelberg.

A chapter in an edited book

Schanz, D., Schanz, S., 2011. Neutral Income Tax Systems, in: Schanz, S. (Ed.), Business Taxation and Financial Decisions. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp. 159–213.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Neurobiology of Pain.

Blog post

Hale, T., 2016. The Myth Of The “Singing Snakes” Turns Out To Be A New Frog Species [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/the-myth-of-the-singing-snakes-turns-out-to-be-a-new-frog-species/ (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 2012. K-12 Education: Selected States and School Districts Cited Numerous Federal Requirements As Burdensome, While Recognizing Some Benefits (No. GAO-12-672). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Stein, E., 2017. Oncology Summer Camp Attendance and Self-Esteem and Internalizing and Externalizing Behaviors Among Pediatric Cancer Patients and Siblings (Doctoral dissertation). Pepperdine University, Malibu, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

George, I. by N., 2013. An Essentially American Narrative. New York Times AR18.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Miesenböck, 2009).
This sentence cites two references (Miesenböck, 2009; Zwierlein and Ketterle, 2006).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Zwierlein and Ketterle, 2006)
Three or more authors: (Grimm et al., 2008)

About the journal

Full journal title	Neurobiology of Pain
ISSN (print)	2452-073X
Scope