How to format your references using the Nephrology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Nephrology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Mollenauer LF. Physics. Nonlinear optics in fibers. Science. 2003 Nov 7;302(5647):996–7.

A journal article with 2 authors

Roberts L, Jasny B. HIV/AIDS: money matters. Science. 2008 Jul 25;321(5888):511.

A journal article with 3 authors

Barth JV, Costantini G, Kern K. Engineering atomic and molecular nanostructures at surfaces. Nature. 2005 Sep 29;437(7059):671–9.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Birnbaum K, Shasha DE, Wang JY, Jung JW, Lambert GM, Galbraith DW, et al. A gene expression map of the Arabidopsis root. Science. 2003 Dec 12;302(5652):1956–60.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Alexander M, Walkenbach J. 101 Ready-to-Use Excel® Macros. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2012.

An edited book

Aziz CE. In Situ Bioremediation of Perchlorate in Groundwater. Borden RC, Coates JD, Cox EE, Downey DC, Evans PJ, Hatzinger PB, et al., editors. New York, NY: Springer; 2009. XLVI, 248 p. (SERDP/ESTCP Environmental Remediation Technology).

A chapter in an edited book

Andrews M, Seddighi H, Hodge S, McKenzie BA, Yadav SS. Consequences of Predicted Climatic Changes on International Trade in Cool Season Grain Legume Crops. In: Yadav SS, Redden R, editors. Climate Change and Management of Cool Season Grain Legume Crops. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2010. p. 87–97.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Nephrology.

Blog post

Andrew E. Huge Solar Eruption Caught By NASA’s IRIS [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2014 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/space/huge-solar-eruption-caught-nasas-iris/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Surface Transportation: Regional Distribution of Federal Highway Funds. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1997 May. Report No.: RCED/HEHS-97-167R.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Wei CS. Towards Brain Decoding for Real-World Drowsiness Detection [Doctoral dissertation]. [La Jolla, CA]: University of California San Diego; 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Tavernise S. Russian Tourists Gain Appreciation for the Motherland. New York Times. 2015 Aug 30;A6.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Nephrology
Abbreviation	Nephrology (Carlton)
ISSN (print)	1320-5358
ISSN (online)	1440-1797
Scope	General Medicine Nephrology