How to format your references using the NEJM Catalyst Innovations in Care Delivery citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for NEJM Catalyst Innovations in Care Delivery. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Lane N. Evolution. The costs of breathing. Science 2011;334(6053):184–5.

A journal article with 2 authors

Tozer S, Morin X. Neuroscience. Young neurons sever ties to the parental niche. Science 2014;343(6167):146–7.

A journal article with 3 authors

French S, Lekic V, Romanowicz B. Waveform tomography reveals channeled flow at the base of the oceanic asthenosphere. Science 2013;342(6155):227–30.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Meibom KL, Blokesch M, Dolganov NA, Wu C-Y, Schoolnik GK. Chitin induces natural competence in Vibrio cholerae. Science 2005;310(5755):1824–7.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Krysinski T, Malburet F. Mechanical Instability. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2013.

An edited book

Tavano A. Protocollo MEC: Protocollo Montréal per la valutazione delle abilità comunicative. Milano: Springer; 2013.

A chapter in an edited book

Chernyshov AA, Karelsky KV, Petrosyan AS. Large Eddy Simulations of Compressible Magnetohydrodynamic Turbulence in Heat-conducting Plasma. In: Palma JMLM, Lopes AS, editors. Advances in Turbulence XI: Proceedings of the 11th EUROMECH European Turbulance Conference, June 25-28, 2007 Porto, Portugal. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2007. p. 20–2.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for NEJM Catalyst Innovations in Care Delivery.

Blog post

Carpineti A. New Material Can Turn Light, Heat, And Movement Into Electricity All At Once. IFLScience. 2017; Accessed Oct 30, 2018. https://www.iflscience.com/technology/new-material-can-turn-light-heat-and-movement-into-electricity-all-at-once/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Federal Student Loans: Flexible Agreements with Guaranty Agencies Warrant Careful Evaluation. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2002.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Chlarson-Varner G. Falls among older adults 65 years and older. 2010;

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Detrick B. Not Everyone Is a Football Fan. New York Times. 2016;D10.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	NEJM Catalyst Innovations in Care Delivery
ISSN (print)	2642-0007
Scope