How to format your references using the Nanotechnology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Nanotechnology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Hoag H 2004 Testing new ground Nature 429 682–3

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Xiol J and Pillai R S 2012 Molecular biology. Outsourcing genome protection Science 337 529–30

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Wang C-W, Ka S-M and Chen A 2014 Robust image registration of biological microscopic images Sci. Rep. 4 6050

A journal article with 99 or more authors

[1]

Polyn S M, Natu V S, Cohen J D and Norman K A 2005 Category-specific cortical activity precedes retrieval during memory search Science 310 1963–6

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Eggleston B 2008 The ICE Conditions of Contract: Seventh Edition (Oxford, UK: Blackwell Science Ltd)

An edited book

[1]

Gupta K J and Igamberdiev A U 2015 Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species Signaling and Communication in Plants vol 23 (Cham: Springer International Publishing)

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Carroll J E 2016 The Environment is a Moral and Spiritual Issue Spirituality and Sustainability: New Horizons and Exemplary Approaches ed S Dhiman and J Marques (Cham: Springer International Publishing) pp 49–71

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Nanotechnology.

Blog post

[1]

O`Callaghan J 2017 First Images Released From Survey Of 100 Million Galaxies And Stars IFLScience

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office 2009 Telecommunications: FCC Needs to Improve Oversight of Wireless Phone Service (Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office)

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Roberson B N 2013 Motivation towards learning perceived in Socratic seminar versus traditional lecture Doctoral dissertation (Malibu, CA: Pepperdine University)

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Grynbaum M M 2017 A Costly Retraction for CNN And an Opening for Trump New York Times B1

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Nanotechnology
Abbreviation	Nanotechnology
ISSN (print)	0957-4484
ISSN (online)	1361-6528
Scope	Bioengineering General Chemistry Electrical and Electronic Engineering Mechanical Engineering Mechanics of Materials General Materials Science