How to format your references using the Nano Express citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Nano Express. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Burns M A 2002 Analytic chemistry. Everyone’s a (future) chemist Science 296 1818–9

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Bada J L and Lazcano A 2002 Origin of life. Some like it hot, but not the first biomolecules Science 296 1982–3

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Agrawal A, Chhatre A and Hardin R 2008 Changing governance of the world’s forests Science 320 1460–2

A journal article with 99 or more authors

[1]

Guo J, Simonson J W, Sun L, Wu Q, Gao P, Zhang C, Gu D, Kotliar G, Aronson M and Zhao Z 2013 Observation of antiferromagnetic order collapse in the pressurized insulator LaMnPO Sci. Rep. 3 2555

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Broekaert J A C 2005 Analytical Atomic Spectrometry with Flames and Plasmas (Weinheim, FRG: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA)

An edited book

[1]

Bard R L, Fütterer J J and Sperling D 2014 Image Guided Prostate Cancer Treatments (Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer)

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Cebamanos L, Henty D, Richardson H and Hart A 2015 Auto-tuning an OpenACC Accelerated Version of Nek5000 Solving Software Challenges for Exascale: International Conference on Exascale Applications and Software, EASC 2014, Stockholm, Sweden, April 2-3, 2014, Revised Selected Papers Lecture Notes in Computer Science ed S Markidis and E Laure (Cham: Springer International Publishing) pp 69–81

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Nano Express.

Blog post

[1]

Andrews R 2016 Mars Used To Have Earth-Like Levels Of Atmospheric Oxygen IFLScience

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office 2012 NASA: Assessments of Selected Large-Scale Projects (Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office)

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Boerger E M 2014 Natural regeneration dynamics of red oak seedlings in Mississippi bottomland forests Doctoral dissertation (Mississippi State, MS: Mississippi State University)

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Greenhouse L 2008 In Latest Term, Majority Grows To More Than 5 of the Justices New York Times A1

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Nano Express
ISSN (online)	2632-959X
Scope