How to format your references using the Nano Energy citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Nano Energy. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

P. Russell, Photonic crystal fibers, Science 299 (2003) 358–362.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

T. Gowers, M. Nielsen, Massively collaborative mathematics, Nature 461 (2009) 879–881.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

W.U. Huynh, J.J. Dittmer, A.P. Alivisatos, Hybrid nanorod-polymer solar cells, Science 295 (2002) 2425–2427.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

B. Wu, E.Y.T. Chien, C.D. Mol, G. Fenalti, W. Liu, V. Katritch, R. Abagyan, A. Brooun, P. Wells, F.C. Bi, D.J. Hamel, P. Kuhn, T.M. Handel, V. Cherezov, R.C. Stevens, Structures of the CXCR4 chemokine GPCR with small-molecule and cyclic peptide antagonists, Science 330 (2010) 1066–1071.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

J. Desai, Innovation Engine, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ, 2013.

An edited book

[1]

B.G. Sidharth, F. Honsell, A. de Angelis, eds., Frontiers of Fundamental Physics: Proceedings of the Sixth International Symposium “Frontiers of Fundamental and Computational Physics”, Udine, Italy, 26–29 September 2004, Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, 2006.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

N. Sadeghi, P.T. Fletcher, M. Prastawa, J.H. Gilmore, G. Gerig, Subject-Specific Prediction Using Nonlinear Population Modeling: Application to Early Brain Maturation from DTI, in: P. Golland, N. Hata, C. Barillot, J. Hornegger, R. Howe (Eds.), Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention – MICCAI 2014: 17th International Conference, Boston, MA, USA, September 14-18, 2014, Proceedings, Part III, Springer International Publishing, Cham, 2014: pp. 33–40.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Nano Energy.

Blog post

[1]

S. Luntz, Huge New Study Reveals The Impact Of Spanking On Children, IFLScience (2016). https://www.iflscience.com/brain/spanking-leads-angrier-and-more-defiant-children/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, B-2 Bomber: Comparison of Operational Capabilities and Support Costs for 15 Versus 20 Aircraft, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1993.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

M. Murdock, Memoir as contemporary myth, Doctoral dissertation, Pacifica Graduate Institute, 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

M. Cooper, Singing With, Not Through, the Nose, New York Times (2017) C1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Nano Energy
Abbreviation	Nano Energy
ISSN (print)	2211-2855
Scope	Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment Electrical and Electronic Engineering General Materials Science