How to format your references using the Music Theory Spectrum citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Music Theory Spectrum. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Kupferschmidt, Kai. 2015. “Global Health. Report Prescribes Strong Medicine for WHO.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 349: 223–224.

A journal article with 2 authors

Kanan, Matthew W., and Daniel G. Nocera. 2008. “In Situ Formation of an Oxygen-Evolving Catalyst in Neutral Water Containing Phosphate and Co2+.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 321: 1072–1075.

A journal article with 3 authors

Bergmann, Dominique C., Wolfgang Lukowitz, and Chris R. Somerville. 2004. “Stomatal Development and Pattern Controlled by a MAPKK Kinase.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 304: 1494–1497.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Gänsicke, B. T., D. Koester, J. Girven, T. R. Marsh, and D. Steeghs. 2010. “Two White Dwarfs with Oxygen-Rich Atmospheres.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 327: 188–190.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Heads, Gary. 2017. Living Mindfully. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An edited book

Reinhard, Thomas, and Frank Larkin, eds. 2013. Corneal Disease: Recent Developments in Diagnosis and Therapy. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Yengoh, Genesis T., David Dent, Lennart Olsson, Anna E. Tengberg, and Compton J. Tucker. 2016. “Key Issues in the Use of NDVI for Land Degradation Assessment.” In Use of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) to Assess Land Degradation at Multiple Scales: Current Status, Future Trends, and Practical Considerations. Ed. David Dent, Lennart Olsson, Anna E. Tengberg, and Compton J. Tucker III. 31–35. SpringerBriefs in Environmental Science. Cham: Springer International Publishing.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Music Theory Spectrum.

Blog post

Luntz, Stephen. 2016. “When It Comes To Killing Pain, Friendships Are Better Than Drugs.” IFLScience. IFLScience Available at <https://www.iflscience.com/brain/friendships-beat-drugs-painkillers/> (accessed 30 October 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 1994. National Laboratories: Are Their R&D Activities Related to Commercial Product Development? Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Marmolejo, Rosalia. 2013. “Drop-in Center for Homeless Veteran Families: A Grant Proposal.” Doctoral dissertation, Long Beach, CA: California State University, Long Beach.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Pinker, Susan. 2015. “Can Students Have Too Much Tech?” New York Times.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text

About the journal

Full journal title	Music Theory Spectrum
Abbreviation	Music Theory Spectr.
ISSN (print)	0195-6167
ISSN (online)	1533-8339
Scope	Music