How to format your references using the Music Theory Spectrum citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Music Theory Spectrum. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Platt, Frances M. 2014. “Sphingolipid Lysosomal Storage Disorders.” Nature 510: 68–75.

A journal article with 2 authors

Bjerrum, Christian J., and Donald E. Canfield. 2002. “Ocean Productivity before about 1.9 Gyr Ago Limited by Phosphorus Adsorption onto Iron Oxides.” Nature 417: 159–162.

A journal article with 3 authors

Murdoch, William, Cheryl J. Briggs, and Susan Swarbrick. 2005. “Host Suppression and Stability in a Parasitoid-Host System: Experimental Demonstration.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 309: 610–613.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Ren, Dong, Conrad C. Labandeira, Jorge A. Santiago-Blay, Alexandr Rasnitsyn, Chungkun Shih, Alexei Bashkuev, M. Amelia V. Logan, Carol L. Hotton, and David Dilcher. 2009. “A Probable Pollination Mode before Angiosperms: Eurasian, Long-Proboscid Scorpionflies.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 326: 840–847.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Laplante, Phillip A., and Seppo J. Ovaska. 2011. Real-Time Systems Design and Analysis. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Castro, Fábio de, Barbara Hogenboom, and Michiel Baud, eds. 2016. Environmental Governance in Latin America. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK.

A chapter in an edited book

Hughes, Graham R. V. 2009. “‘Multiple Sclerosis’ …….” In Understanding Hughes Syndrome: Case Studies for Patients. Ed. Graham R. V. Hughes. 10–11. London: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Music Theory Spectrum.

Blog post

Fang, Janet. 2015. “Pigeons Wearing Eye Patches Must Learn New Routes Home.” IFLScience. IFLScience Available at <https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/pigeons-wearing-eye-patches-find-new-routes-home/> (accessed 30 October 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 2001. D.C. Tuition Assistance Grants: Program May Increase College Choices, but a Few Program Procedures May Hinder Grant Receipt for Some Residents. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Seipert, Karen Greene. 2013. “A Correlational Analysis of the Values of Baby Boomer and Generation X Rural Public School Principals.” Doctoral dissertation, Phoenix, AZ: University of Phoenix.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kanter, James. 2017. “Price-Fixing Inquiry Moves From BMW to Daimler and VW.” New York Times.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text

About the journal

Full journal title	Music Theory Spectrum
Abbreviation	Music Theory Spectr.
ISSN (print)	0195-6167
ISSN (online)	1533-8339
Scope	Music