How to format your references using the Multimedia Tools and Applications citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Multimedia Tools and Applications. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Pain E (2005) The class of 2005. Spain: a physicist keen to put things in order. Science 310:520–521

A journal article with 2 authors

Chen MS, White MC (2010) Combined effects on selectivity in Fe-catalyzed methylene oxidation. Science 327:566–571

A journal article with 3 authors

Amorisco NC, Evans NW, van de Ven G (2014) The remnant of a merger between two dwarf galaxies in Andromeda II. Nature 507:335–337

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Austin CP, Brady LS, Insel TR, Collins FS (2004) NIH Molecular Libraries Initiative. Science 306:1138–1139

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Agachi PŞ, Nagy ZK, Cristea MV, Imre-Lucaci Á (2006) Model Based Control. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim, Germany

An edited book

Lovat T (2015) Reconciling Islam, Christianity and Judaism: Islam’s Special Role in Restoring Convivencia. Springer International Publishing, Cham

A chapter in an edited book

Gonzalez A (2011) Is There a Link Between Hispanics and First-Generation College Students? The Importance of Exposure to a College-Going Tradition. In: Leal DL, Trejo SJ (eds) Latinos and the Economy: Integration and Impact in Schools, Labor Markets, and Beyond. Springer, New York, NY, pp 95–110

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Multimedia Tools and Applications.

Blog post

Luntz S (2014) Brain Scans Reveal How Your Dog Really Feels. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/brain/brain-scans-reveal-truth-puppy-love/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1973) Air Force Technology Development Underway Throughout the Aerospace Industry. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Young W (2012) Diamagnetism of a supersonic rotating magnetized plasma. Doctoral dissertation, University of Maryland, College Park

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Walsh MW, de la MERCED MJ (2010) Big Setback For A.I.G. In Repaying Taxpayers. New York Times B1

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Multimedia Tools and Applications
Abbreviation	Multimed. Tools Appl.
ISSN (print)	1380-7501
ISSN (online)	1573-7721
Scope	Computer Networks and Communications Hardware and Architecture Software Media Technology