How to format your references using the Multifunctional Materials citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Multifunctional Materials. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Misa T J 2011 Retrospective. Steven P. Jobs (1955-2011) Science 334 919

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Gurdon J B and Bourillot P Y 2001 Morphogen gradient interpretation Nature 413 797–803

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Palla G, Barabási A-L and Vicsek T 2007 Quantifying social group evolution Nature 446 664–7

A journal article with 99 or more authors

[1]

Yoshida S, Kono K, Lowery D M, Bartolini S, Yaffe M B, Ohya Y and Pellman D 2006 Polo-like kinase Cdc5 controls the local activation of Rho1 to promote cytokinesis Science 313 108–11

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Clark G 2014 The Making of a World City (Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd)

An edited book

[1]

Olivieri A 2015 Introduction to Insurance Mathematics: Technical and Financial Features of Risk Transfers ed E Pitacco (Cham: Springer International Publishing)

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Santa-Maria C, Jain S and Gradishar W J 2016 Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 (HER2): Translating the Lab to the Clinic Molecular Pathology of Breast Cancer ed S Badve and Y Gökmen-Polar (Cham: Springer International Publishing) pp 59–70

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Multifunctional Materials.

Blog post

[1]

Taub B 2016 Scientists Have Recreated The Voice Of Ötzi The 5,300-Year-Old Iceman IFLScience

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office 1977 Curriculum Case Studies Are of Questionable Quality but Helped Precollege Curriculum Activities (Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office)

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Moreau E L 2014 Sailing on a Sea of Hope: Exploring the Impact of Federal Consolidation on Individual Identification and Organizational Identity Doctoral dissertation (Washington, DC: George Washington University)

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Cooper M 2017 The Met Offers Buyouts To 21 of Its Employees New York Times C3

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Multifunctional Materials
ISSN (online)	2399-7532
Scope