How to format your references using the Mortality citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Mortality. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Pasquinelli, A. E. (2010). Molecular biology. Paring miRNAs through pairing. Science (New York, N.Y.), 328(5985), 1494–1495.

A journal article with 2 authors

Martin, G. M., & Oshima, J. (2000). Lessons from human progeroid syndromes. Nature, 408(6809), 263–266.

A journal article with 3 authors

Kalka, M. B., Smith, A. R., & Kalko, E. K. V. (2008). Bats limit arthropods and herbivory in a tropical forest. Science (New York, N.Y.), 320(5872), 71.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Hall, I. M., Shankaranarayana, G. D., Noma, K.-I., Ayoub, N., Cohen, A., & Grewal, S. I. S. (2002). Establishment and maintenance of a heterochromatin domain. Science (New York, N.Y.), 297(5590), 2232–2237.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Nyce, D. S. (2016). Position Sensors. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Berger, R. (2010). The Inequality Puzzle: European and US Leaders Discuss Rising Income Inequality (D. Grusky, T. Raffel, G. Samuels, & C. Wimer, Eds.). Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Grosholz, E. R. (2015). Leibniz’s Mathematical and Philosophical Analysis of Time. In N. B. Goethe, P. Beeley, & D. Rabouin (Eds.), G.W. Leibniz, Interrelations between Mathematics and Philosophy (pp. 75–88). Springer Netherlands.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Mortality.

Blog post

Andrew, E. (2015, July 21). Museum Launches Campaign To Save Neil Armstrong’s Spacesuit. IFLScience; IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/space/museum-launches-campaign-save-neil-armstrong-s-spacesuit/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (2014). Federal Software Licenses: Most Agencies Have Reported Planned Actions to Address Our Prior Recommendations on Software License Management (GAO-14-835R). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Hester, E. T. (2008). Impact of geomorphic structures on hyporheic exchange, temperature, and ecological processes in streams [Doctoral dissertation]. University of North Carolina.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Markoff, J. (2016, September 2). Devising Real Ethics for Artificial Intelligence. New York Times, B1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Pasquinelli, 2010).
This sentence cites two references (Martin & Oshima, 2000; Pasquinelli, 2010).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Martin & Oshima, 2000)
Three authors: (Kalka et al., 2008)
6 or more authors: (Hall et al., 2002)

About the journal

Full journal title	Mortality
Abbreviation	Mortality (Abingdon)
ISSN (print)	1357-6275
ISSN (online)	1469-9885
Scope	Philosophy Religious studies Health(social science)