How to format your references using the Mortality citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Mortality. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Brody, H. (2014). Haemophilia. Nature, 515(7528), S157.

A journal article with 2 authors

Ionescu, A. M., & Riel, H. (2011). Tunnel field-effect transistors as energy-efficient electronic switches. Nature, 479(7373), 329–337.

A journal article with 3 authors

Behnia, K., Balicas, L., & Kopelevich, Y. (2007). Signatures of electron fractionalization in ultraquantum bismuth. Science (New York, N.Y.), 317(5845), 1729–1731.

A journal article with 21 or more authors

Yankovskaya, V., Horsefield, R., Törnroth, S., Luna-Chavez, C., Miyoshi, H., Léger, C., Byrne, B., Cecchini, G., & Iwata, S. (2003). Architecture of succinate dehydrogenase and reactive oxygen species generation. Science (New York, N.Y.), 299(5607), 700–704.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Whitcomb, C. A., & Whitcomb, L. E. (2013). Effective Interpersonal and Team Communication Skills for Engineers. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Spring, N., & Riley, G. F. (Eds.). (2011). Passive and Active Measurement: 12th International Conference, PAM 2011, Atlanta, GA, USA, March 20-22, 2011. Proceedings (Vol. 6579). Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Anderson, C. D., Lin, W.-C., & Chari, R. S. (2006). Prediction of Thermal Tissue Damage Using Fluorescence Spectroscopy. In C. D. Geddes & J. R. Lakowicz (Eds.), Reviews in Fluorescence 2006 (pp. 125–138). Springer US.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Mortality.

Blog post

Fang, J. (2015, February 5). Earth’s First Land Vertebrates Used Their Lungs to Detect Sounds. IFLScience; IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/earth-s-first-land-vertebrates-used-their-lungs-detect-sounds/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (2016). Explosives Detection Canines: TSA Has Enhanced Its Canine Program, but Opportunities May Exist to Reduce Costs (GAO-16-444T). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Gardina, V. J. (2008). Analysis of LiDAR data for fluvial geomorphic change detection at a small Maryland stream [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Maryland, College Park.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Burghardt, L. F. (2006, January 1). The Legacies They Left. New York Times, 14LI7.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Brody, 2014).
This sentence cites two references (Brody, 2014; Ionescu & Riel, 2011).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Ionescu & Riel, 2011)
Three or more authors: (Yankovskaya et al., 2003)

About the journal

Full journal title	Mortality
Abbreviation	Mortality (Abingdon)
ISSN (print)	1357-6275
ISSN (online)	1469-9885
Scope	Philosophy Religious studies Health(social science)