How to format your references using the Morphology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Morphology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Sadler, J. E. (2002). Biomedicine. Contact--how platelets touch von Willebrand factor. Science (New York, N.Y.), 297(5584), 1128–1129.

A journal article with 2 authors

Buluta, I., & Nori, F. (2009). Quantum simulators. Science (New York, N.Y.), 326(5949), 108–111.

A journal article with 3 authors

Smith, Z. M., Delgutte, B., & Oxenham, A. J. (2002). Chimaeric sounds reveal dichotomies in auditory perception. Nature, 416(6876), 87–90.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Gao, X.-R., Zhang, S.-L., Yang, Y.-F., & Han, G.-R. (2014). FEN1 -69G>A and 4150G>T polymorphisms and cancer risk in Chinese population. Scientific reports, 4, 6183.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Hübschmann, H.-J. (2015). Handbook of GC-MS. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA.

An edited book

Göknar, İ. C., & Sevgi, L. (Eds.). (2006). Complex Computing-Networks: Brain-like and Wave-oriented Electrodynamic Algorithms (Vol. 104). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Fisher, K. A., Raquet, J. F., & Pachter, M. (2007). Cooperative Estimation Algorithms Using TDOA Measurements. In D. Grundel, R. Murphey, P. Pardalos, & O. Prokopyev (Eds.), Cooperative Systems: Control and Optimization (pp. 57–66). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Morphology.

Blog post

Carpineti, A. (2017, January 16). Thousands Of Galaxies On Death Row As They Are Stripped Of Their Gas. IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/space/thousands-of-galaxies-on-death-row-as-they-are-stripped-of-their-gas/. Accessed 30 October 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1973). Procedures To Recover Defaulted Loans Under the Guaranteed Student Loan Program (No. B-117604(7)). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Fischer, B. C. (2017). Toward Understanding Resonant Volcanic Seismic Signals: Modelling Bubbly Flow in Magma (Doctoral dissertation). University of Louisiana, Lafayette, LA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Farrell, J. A. (2016, December 31). Tricky Dick’s Vietnam Treachery. New York Times, p. SR9.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Sadler 2002).
This sentence cites two references (Buluta and Nori 2009; Sadler 2002).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Buluta and Nori 2009)
Three or more authors: (Gao et al. 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Morphology
ISSN (print)	1871-5621
ISSN (online)	1871-5656
Scope	Language and Linguistics