How to format your references using the Molecular Imaging and Biology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Molecular Imaging and Biology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Slonczewski J (2000) Tuberculosis bacteria join UN. Nature 405:1001

A journal article with 2 authors

Yacubova E, Komuro H (2002) Stage-specific control of neuronal migration by somatostatin. Nature 415:77–81

A journal article with 3 authors

Nadler JW, Angelaki DE, DeAngelis GC (2008) A neural representation of depth from motion parallax in macaque visual cortex. Nature 452:642–645

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Johnson JB, Lees JM, Gerst A, et al (2008) Long-period earthquakes and co-eruptive dome inflation seen with particle image velocimetry. Nature 456:377–381

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Passarelli D (2012) Trading Options Greeks. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Gallud JA, Tesoriero R, Penichet VMR (2011) Distributed User Interfaces: Designing Interfaces for the Distributed Ecosystem. Springer, London

A chapter in an edited book

Rebeiro C, Mukhopadhyay D, Bhattacharya S (2015) Advanced Time-Driven Cache Attacks on Block Ciphers. In: Mukhopadhyay D, Bhattacharya S (eds) Timing Channels in Cryptography: A Micro-Architectural Perspective. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp 71–80

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Molecular Imaging and Biology.

Blog post

Andrew E (2015) In The Path Of The Polar Bears: What It’s Like To Be An Arctic Scientist. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/path-polar-bears-what-it-s-be-arctic-scientist/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2006) LOCAL Television Act: Status of Spending for Fiscal Year 2005. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Ross NJ (2015) Facilitating shared understanding: A grounded theory for decision-making in pain management. Doctoral dissertation, University of Phoenix

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Lesch DW, Gelvin J (2017) What has Assad won? New York Times A10

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Molecular Imaging and Biology
Abbreviation	Mol. Imaging Biol.
ISSN (print)	1536-1632
ISSN (online)	1860-2002
Scope	Cancer Research Oncology Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging