How to format your references using the Molecular Imaging and Biology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Molecular Imaging and Biology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Webster PJ (2013) Meteorology: Improve weather forecasts for the developing world. Nature 493:17–19

A journal article with 2 authors

Joughin I, Tulaczyk S (2002) Positive mass balance of the Ross Ice Streams, West Antarctica. Science 295:476–480

A journal article with 3 authors

Winston WM, Molodowitch C, Hunter CP (2002) Systemic RNAi in C. elegans requires the putative transmembrane protein SID-1. Science 295:2456–2459

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Vik U, Logares R, Blaalid R, et al (2013) Different bacterial communities in ectomycorrhizae and surrounding soil. Sci Rep 3:3471

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Goering H, Roos H-G, Tobiska L (2010) Die Finite-Elemente-Methode für Anfänger. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim, Germany

An edited book

Watada J, Phillips-Wren G, Jain LC, Howlett RJ (2011) Intelligent Decision Technologies: Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Intelligent Decision Technologies (IDT’ 2011). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

A chapter in an edited book

Cooper DS (2016) Completion Thyroidectomy in a Patient with Low-Risk Papillary Cancer. In: Cooper DS, Durante C (eds) Thyroid Cancer: A Case-Based Approach. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp 45–49

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Molecular Imaging and Biology.

Blog post

Andrew E (2014) Scientists Reveal Smallest Amount of Force Ever Measured. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/physics/scientists-reveal-smallest-amount-force-ever-measured/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1997) Commercial Trucking: Safety Concerns About Mexican Trucks Remain Even as Inspection Activity Increases. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Sever RS (2017) A Quantitative Descriptive Study Using the Theoretical Domains Framework to Investigate and Compare the Psychotropic Medication Prescribing Behavior of Primary Care Prescribers. Doctoral dissertation, Northcentral University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

GEORGE GENE GUSTINES; Compiled by RACHEL LEE HARRIS (2010) Pilgrim, The Final Volume. New York Times C2

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Molecular Imaging and Biology
Abbreviation	Mol. Imaging Biol.
ISSN (print)	1536-1632
ISSN (online)	1860-2002
Scope	Cancer Research Oncology Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging