How to format your references using the Modern Pathology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Modern Pathology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Van Overwalle, G. Intellectual property. Turning patent swords into shares. Science 330, 1630–1631 (2010).

A journal article with 2 authors

Kruse, E. & Agol, E. KOI-3278: a self-lensing binary star system. Science 344, 275–277 (2014).

A journal article with 3 authors

Packer, C., Pusey, A. E. & Eberly, L. E. Egalitarianism in female African lions. Science 293, 690–693 (2001).

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Nishita, M., Hashimoto, M. K., Ogata, S., Laurent, M. N., Ueno, N., Shibuya, H. et al. Interaction between Wnt and TGF-beta signalling pathways during formation of Spemann’s organizer. Nature 403, 781–785 (2000).

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Laykin, E. Investigative Computer Forensics. (John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013).

An edited book

Doctoral Education: Research-Based Strategies for Doctoral Students, Supervisors and Administrators. (Springer Netherlands, 2011).

A chapter in an edited book

Rudolph, J. L. Delirium After Cardiac Surgery. in Cardiothoracic Surgery in the Elderly: Evidence-Based Practice (ed. Katlic, M. R.) 57–66 (Springer, 2011).

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Modern Pathology.

Blog post

Hale, T. This Is What An Ancient Egyptian Woman Looked LIke. IFLScience https://www.iflscience.com/editors-blog/this-is-what-an-ancient-egyptian-woman-looked-like/ (2016).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Health, Education, Employment, and Income Security Reports. (1994).

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Huang, J. Multispectral Imaging of Skin Oxygenation. (Ohio State University, 2013).

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Gorman, J. With Lasers in the Flight Plan, Goggles Are Vital. New York Times D2 (2016).

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Modern Pathology
Abbreviation	Mod. Pathol.
ISSN (print)	0893-3952
ISSN (online)	1530-0285
Scope	Pathology and Forensic Medicine