How to format your references using the Modern Pathology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Modern Pathology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Dresser, R. Research ethics. Aligning regulations and ethics in human research. Science 337, 527–528 (2012).

A journal article with 2 authors

Schmitt, J. H. & Wichmann, R. Ground-based observation of emission lines from the corona of a red-dwarf star. Nature 412, 508–510 (2001).

A journal article with 3 authors

Nahm, H.-H., Park, C. H. & Kim, Y.-S. Bistability of hydrogen in ZnO: origin of doping limit and persistent photoconductivity. Sci. Rep. 4, 4124 (2014).

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Whittington, A. T., Vugrek, O., Wei, K. J., Hasenbein, N. G., Sugimoto, K., Rashbrooke, M. C. et al. MOR1 is essential for organizing cortical microtubules in plants. Nature 411, 610–613 (2001).

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Norwitz, E. R., Saade, G. R., Miller, H. & Davidson, C. M. Obstetric Clinical Algorithms. (John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2016).

An edited book

Supporting Real Time Decision-Making: The Role of Context in Decision Support on the Move. vol. 13 (Springer US, 2011).

A chapter in an edited book

Deepak, P. & Deshpande, P. M. Categorizing Operators. in Operators for Similarity Search: Semantics, Techniques and Usage Scenarios (ed. Deshpande, P. M.) 33–53 (Springer International Publishing, 2015).

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Modern Pathology.

Blog post

Andrew, E. Resurgent Pine Martens Could Be Good News For Red Squirrels. IFLScience https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/resurgent-pine-martens-could-be-good-news-red-squirrels/ (2015).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. NASA Issues. (1992).

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Jenkins, D. Leadership Best Practices for Female Executives in the Information Technology Industry. (Pepperdine University, 2017).

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Dominus, S. The Sexual Healer. New York Times ST1 (2014).

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Modern Pathology
Abbreviation	Mod. Pathol.
ISSN (print)	0893-3952
ISSN (online)	1530-0285
Scope	Pathology and Forensic Medicine