How to format your references using the Mobile Networks and Applications citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Mobile Networks and Applications. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Gintis H (2008) Behavior. Punishment and cooperation. Science 319:1345–1346

A journal article with 2 authors

Grimes RW, Nuttall WJ (2010) Generating the option of a two-stage nuclear renaissance. Science 329:799–803

A journal article with 3 authors

Gubbins D, Jones AL, Finlay CC (2006) Fall in Earth’s magnetic field is erratic. Science 312:900–902

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Chu DS, Liu H, Nix P, et al (2006) Sperm chromatin proteomics identifies evolutionarily conserved fertility factors. Nature 443:101–105

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Equipment Testing Procedures Committee of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers (2014) Trayed and Packed Columns. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Zhou J, Yung M, Bao F (2006) Applied Cryptography and Network Security: 4th International Conference, ACNS 2006, Singapore, June 6-9, 2006. Proceedings. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

A chapter in an edited book

López-Ibáñez M, Blum C (2009) Beam-ACO Based on Stochastic Sampling: A Case Study on the TSP with Time Windows. In: Stützle T (ed) Learning and Intelligent Optimization: Third International Conference, LION 3, Trento, Italy, January 14-18, 2009. Selected Papers. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 59–73

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Mobile Networks and Applications.

Blog post

Andrew E (2015) Scientists Convert Cancer Cells Into Harmless Immune Cells. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/scientists-convert-cancer-cells-harmless-immune-cells/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1990) Air Pollution: EPA Needs More Data From FHwA on Changes to Highway Projects. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Savvas C (2010) Hydroclimate variability and landuse effects on nutrient export from watersheds in the mid-Atlantic United States. Doctoral dissertation, University of North Carolina

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Walsh MW (2016) Puerto Rico Aims to Appease Congress With a New Proposal on Its Debt. New York Times B3

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Mobile Networks and Applications
Abbreviation	Mob. Netw. Appl.
ISSN (print)	1383-469X
ISSN (online)	1572-8153
Scope	Computer Networks and Communications Hardware and Architecture Information Systems Software