How to format your references using the Minerva Medica citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Minerva Medica. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Palmer T. Modelling: Build imprecise supercomputers. Nature. 2015 Oct 1;526(7571):32–3.

A journal article with 2 authors

Salehi-Ashtiani K, Szostak JW. In vitro evolution suggests multiple origins for the hammerhead ribozyme. Nature. 2001 Nov 1;414(6859):82–4.

A journal article with 3 authors

Zhu M, Yu X, Ahlberg PE. A primitive sarcopterygian fish with an eyestalk. Nature. 2001 Mar 1;410(6824):81–4.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

von Grotthuss M, Wyrwicz LS, Pas J, Rychlewski L. Predicting protein structures accurately. Science. 2004 Jun 11;304(5677):1597–9; author reply 1597-9.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Sheldrake P. The Spiritual City. Oxford, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2014.

An edited book

Lehmann-Grube F, Sablatnig J, editors. Facets of Virtual Environments: First International Conference, FaVE 2009, Berlin, Germany, July 27-29, 2009, Revised Selected Papers. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2010. 214 p. 48 illus. (Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering; vol. 33).

A chapter in an edited book

Sullivan AL, Sullivan AL. Kindergartners Studying Trans* Issues Through I Am Jazz. In: Miller S, editor. Teaching, Affirming, and Recognizing Trans and Gender Creative Youth: A Queer Literacy Framework. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK; 2016. p. 63–80.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Minerva Medica.

Blog post

Andrew E. Rosetta Sees Evidence Of Active Water-Ice Cycle On Comet 67P [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/space/rosetta-sees-evidence-active-water-ice-cycle-comet-67p-author-amy-lynn/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Tax Policy: Uncertain Impact of Repealing the Deferral for Reinvested Shipping Income. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1990 Mar. Report No.: GGD-90-35.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Bailoor S. Implicit-Explicit Time stepping for a Two-Dimensional Inviscid Fluid-Structure Interaction Solver [Doctoral dissertation]. [Washington, DC]: George Washington University; 2016.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Chapman MM. Uncomfortable Accounting. New York Times. 2012 Jul 19;B1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Minerva Medica
Abbreviation	Minerva Med.
ISSN (print)	0026-4806
ISSN (online)	1827-1669
Scope	General Medicine