How to format your references using the Minerva Medica citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Minerva Medica. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Berthoud HR. Medicine. Why does gastric bypass surgery work? Science. 2013 Jul 26;341(6144):351–2.

A journal article with 2 authors

Jansen VAA, van Baalen M. Altruism through beard chromodynamics. Nature. 2006 Mar 30;440(7084):663–6.

A journal article with 3 authors

Siegel DA, Doney SC, Yoder JA. The North Atlantic spring phytoplankton bloom and Sverdrup’s critical depth hypothesis. Science. 2002 Apr 26;296(5568):730–3.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Heo WD, Inoue T, Park WS, Kim ML, Park BO, Wandless TJ, et al. PI(3,4,5)P3 and PI(4,5)P2 lipids target proteins with polybasic clusters to the plasma membrane. Science. 2006 Dec 1;314(5804):1458–61.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Walter RJ. Practical Compliance with the EPA Risk Management Program. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 1998.

An edited book

Meusburger P, Welker M, Wunder E, editors. Clashes of Knowledge: Orthodoxies and Heterodoxies in Science and Religion. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2008. VIII, 230 p. (Knowledge and Space; vol. 1).

A chapter in an edited book

Aberman NL, Cohen MJ. Nutrition and Bioenergy. In: Thompson B, Cohen MJ, editors. The Impact of Climate Change and Bioenergy on Nutrition. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2012. p. 61–75.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Minerva Medica.

Blog post

Andrew E. HIV Latent Reservoir Much Larger Than Thought. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2013.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Continuing Professional Education: Federal GS-510 Accountants’ Report. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1990 Dec. Report No.: 143680.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Schaff S. What characterizes and impacts student transformational learning in a community college work placement context [Doctoral dissertation]. [Malibu, CA]: Pepperdine University; 2013.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

(nyt) SK. World Briefing | Europe: Russia: Examining The Kursk. New York Times. 2001 Oct 20;A6.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Minerva Medica
Abbreviation	Minerva Med.
ISSN (print)	0026-4806
ISSN (online)	1827-1669
Scope	General Medicine