How to format your references using the BioMedical Engineering OnLine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for BioMedical Engineering OnLine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Segrè G. The Big Bang and the genetic code. Nature. 2000;404:437.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Herrera AM, Cohn MJ. Embryonic origin and compartmental organization of the external genitalia. Sci Rep. 2014;4:6896.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Shoemaker CJ, Eyler DE, Green R. Dom34:Hbs1 promotes subunit dissociation and peptidyl-tRNA drop-off to initiate no-go decay. Science. 2010;330:369–72.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Lee S, Vinegoni C, Sebas M, Weissleder R. Automated motion artifact removal for intravital microscopy, without a priori information. Sci Rep. 2014;4:4507.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Kobilinsky L, Liotti TF, Oeser-Sweat J. DNA: Forensic and Legal Applications. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2004.

An edited book

1. Nielsen F, editor. Geometric Theory of Information. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2014.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Rolka K, Roesken-Winter B. Networking Theories to Understand Beliefs and Their Crucial Role in Mathematics Education. In: Pepin B, Roesken-Winter B, editors. From beliefs to dynamic affect systems in mathematics education: Exploring a mosaic of relationships and interactions. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2015. p. 73–93.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for BioMedical Engineering OnLine.

Blog post

1. Andrew E. New Tyrannosaur Nicknamed “Pinocchio rex” Discovered In China [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2014 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/new-tyrannosaur-nicknamed-pinocchio-rex-discovered-china/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Aviation Security: Computer-Assisted Passenger Prescreening System Faces Significant Implementation Challenges. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2004 Feb. Report No.: GAO-04-385.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Ouellette RL. Referral development results of relationship tie- strength for small business goal -directed networking groups [Doctoral dissertation]. [Phoenix, AZ]: University of Phoenix; 2008.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Brantley B. This Means Something, as Well as Something Else. New York Times. 2016 Oct 14;C1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	BioMedical Engineering OnLine
Abbreviation	Biomed. Eng. Online
ISSN (online)	1475-925X
Scope	Biomedical Engineering Biomaterials General Medicine Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging Radiological and Ultrasound Technology