How to format your references using the Minerva citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Minerva. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Eisenstein, Michael. 2012. Pregnancy: Delivery from breast cancer. Nature 485: S54.

A journal article with 2 authors

Rutherford, A. W., and A. Boussac. 2004. Biochemistry. Water photolysis in biology. Science (New York, N.Y.) 303: 1782–1784.

A journal article with 3 authors

Wang, Bin, Shibin Xu, and Liguang Wu. 2012. Intensified Arabian Sea tropical storms. Nature 489: E1-2; discussion E2-3.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Zhao, Dong, Ilias Katsouras, Mengyuan Li, Kamal Asadi, Junto Tsurumi, Gunnar Glasser, Jun Takeya, Paul W. M. Blom, and Dago M. de Leeuw. 2014. Polarization fatigue of organic ferroelectric capacitors. Scientific reports 4: 5075.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Lui, S. H. 2011. Numerical Analysis of Partial Differential Equations. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Hughes, Diane. 2016. The New Music Industries: Disruption and Discovery. Edited by Mark Evans, Guy Morrow, and Sarah Keith. Cham: Springer International Publishing.

A chapter in an edited book

Sharp, Andrew J., and Evan E. Eichler. 2006. Segmental Duplications. In Genomic Disorders: The Genomic Basis of Disease, ed. James R. Lupski and Pawel Stankiewicz, 73–88. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Minerva.

Blog post

Luntz, Stephen. 2015. European Dinosaurs Died Off Fast. IFLScience. IFLScience. January 14.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 1994. Aerospace Guidance and Metrology Center: Cost Growth and Other Factors Affect Closure and Privatization. NSIAD-95-60. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Miller, Bradley Alan. 2012. “Parable-art” beyond the Auden generation: An examination of the message-bearing aspects and architecture of two twenty-first-century works for chorus and chamber orchestra. Doctoral dissertation, Tucson, AZ: University of Arizona.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Wines, Michael. 2014. It Only Seems That Political Corruption Is Rampant. New York Times, January 26.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Eisenstein 2012).
This sentence cites two references (Rutherford and Boussac 2004; Eisenstein 2012).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Rutherford and Boussac 2004)
Three or more authors: (Zhao et al. 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Minerva
Abbreviation	Minerva
ISSN (print)	0026-4695
ISSN (online)	1573-1871
Scope	General Social Sciences Social Sciences (miscellaneous) Education