How to format your references using the Minerva citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Minerva. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Morris, Peter. 2013. Joseph E. Murray (1919-2012). Nature 493: 164.

A journal article with 2 authors

Alkhatib, Amro, and Ammar Nayfeh. 2013. A complete physical germanium-on-silicon quantum dot self-assembly process. Scientific reports 3: 2099.

A journal article with 3 authors

Murakoshi, Hideji, Hong Wang, and Ryohei Yasuda. 2011. Local, persistent activation of Rho GTPases during plasticity of single dendritic spines. Nature 472: 100–104.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Bessereau, J. L., A. Wright, D. C. Williams, K. Schuske, M. W. Davis, and E. M. Jorgensen. 2001. Mobilization of a Drosophila transposon in the Caenorhabditis elegans germ line. Nature 413: 70–74.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Desai, Jatin. 2013. Innovation Engine. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Rajesh, Arumugam, and Rakesh Sinha, ed. 2015. Crohn’s Disease: Current Concepts. Cham: Springer International Publishing.

A chapter in an edited book

Boichut, Yohan, Vivien Pelletier, and Pierre Réty. 2016. Synchronized Tree Languages for Reachability in Non-right-linear Term Rewrite Systems. In Rewriting Logic and Its Applications: 11th International Workshop, WRLA 2016, Held as a Satellite Event of ETAPS, Eindhoven, The Netherlands, April 2-3, 2016, Revised Selected Papers, ed. Dorel Lucanu, 64–81. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Cham: Springer International Publishing.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Minerva.

Blog post

Andrew, Danielle. 2015. Watch How This Insanely Clever Orca Catches A Bird. IFLScience. IFLScience. August 27.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 1997. Income Security Issue Area: Active Assignments. AA-97-11(3). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Fregoso, Julio. 2015. Through the pipeline: Degree aspirations of African American and Latino males enrolled in California community colleges. Doctoral dissertation, Long Beach, CA: California State University, Long Beach.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kelly, Frank. 1985. MEMORIAL MUSEUM TO HONOR STATE POLICE. New York Times, October 13.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Morris 2013).
This sentence cites two references (Alkhatib and Nayfeh 2013; Morris 2013).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Alkhatib and Nayfeh 2013)
Three or more authors: (Bessereau et al. 2001)

About the journal

Full journal title	Minerva
Abbreviation	Minerva
ISSN (print)	0026-4695
ISSN (online)	1573-1871
Scope	General Social Sciences Social Sciences (miscellaneous) Education