How to format your references using the Microorganisms citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Microorganisms. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Neu, U. Is Recent Major Hurricane Activity Normal? Nature 2008, 451, E5; discussion E6.

A journal article with 2 authors

Barkman, T.; Zhang, J. Evidence for Escape from Adaptive Conflict? Nature 2009, 462, E1; discussion E2-3.

A journal article with 3 authors

Guo, G.; Wang, W.; Bradley, A. Mismatch Repair Genes Identified Using Genetic Screens in Blm-Deficient Embryonic Stem Cells. Nature 2004, 429, 891–895.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Gogurla, N.; Sinha, A.K.; Santra, S.; Manna, S.; Ray, S.K. Multifunctional Au-ZnO Plasmonic Nanostructures for Enhanced UV Photodetector and Room Temperature NO Sensing Devices. Sci. Rep. 2014, 4, 6483.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Rouse, W.B. Universities as Complex Enterprises; John Wiley & Sons, Inc: Hoboken, NJ, 2016; ISBN 9781119245872.

An edited book

Neiger, D. Value-Focused Business Process Engineering : A Systems Approach: With Applications to Human Resource Management; Churilov, L., Flitman, A., Eds.; Integrated Series in Information Systems; Springer US: Boston, MA, 2009; Vol. 19; ISBN 9780387095202.

A chapter in an edited book

Hu, J. The Probability That Random Positive Integers Are 3-Wise Relatively Prime. In Combinatorial and Additive Number Theory: CANT 2011 and 2012; Nathanson, M.B., Ed.; Springer Proceedings in Mathematics & Statistics; Springer: New York, NY, 2014; pp. 55–61 ISBN 9781493916009.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Microorganisms.

Blog post

Carpineti, A. Scientists Produce The Most Detailed Simulation Of The Universe Yet Available online: https://www.iflscience.com/space/most-detailed-simulation-universe-yet/ (accessed on 30 October 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office Global Warming: Limitations of General Circulation Models and Costs of Modeling Efforts; U.S. Government Printing Office: Washington, DC, 1995;

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Theis, J.Y. Accessing Mental Health Services among Asian American Adults: Evidence from the California Health Interview Survey (CHIS). Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach: Long Beach, CA, 2013.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Eligon, J. In the Hands of a Pro. New York Times 2017, D1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Microorganisms
Abbreviation	Microorganisms
ISSN (online)	2076-2607
Scope