How to format your references using the Microbiome citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Microbiome. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Ormerod P. Social networks can spread the Olympic effect. Nature. 2012;489:337.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Rosegrant MW, Cline SA. Global food security: challenges and policies. Science. 2003;302:1917–9.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. van Groenigen KJ, Osenberg CW, Hungate BA. Increased soil emissions of potent greenhouse gases under increased atmospheric CO2. Nature. 2011;475:214–6.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Aurbach D, Lu Z, Schechter A, Gofer Y, Gizbar H, Turgeman R, et al. Prototype systems for rechargeable magnesium batteries. Nature. 2000;407:724–7.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Douglas B. Achieving Business Success with GIS. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2008.

An edited book

1. Feldman EL. Atlas of Neuromuscular Diseases: A Practical Guideline. Grisold W, Russell JW, Zifko UA, editors. Vienna: Springer; 2005.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Dizon EZ. Underwater Archaeology of the San Diego a 1600 Spanish Galleon in the Philippines. In: Wu C, editor. Early Navigation in the Asia-Pacific Region: A Maritime Archaeological Perspective. Singapore: Springer; 2016. p. 91–102.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Microbiome.

Blog post

1. Hale T. Denmark Has A Wild Wolf Pack For The First Time In 200 Years [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2017 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/denmark-has-a-wild-wolf-pack-for-the-first-time-in-200-years/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. FAA Appropriation Issues. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1989 Apr. Report No.: T-RCED-89-20.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Solano EA. Hindemith’s Sonata for Viola, ope 11, no.4 A compositional and historical perspective [Doctoral dissertation]. [Long Beach, CA]: California State University, Long Beach; 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Roach M. In Space, Nice Guys Finish First. New York Times. 2011 Apr 10;WK12.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Microbiome
Abbreviation	Microbiome
ISSN (online)	2049-2618
Scope