How to format your references using the Microbiome citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Microbiome. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Gasse F. Paleoclimate. Hydrological changes in Africa. Science. 2001;292:2259–60.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Seo M, Hillmyer MA. Reticulated nanoporous polymers by controlled polymerization-induced microphase separation. Science. 2012;336:1422–5.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Liu Z, Neff RA, Berg DK. Sequential interplay of nicotinic and GABAergic signaling guides neuronal development. Science. 2006;314:1610–3.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Atabaki AH, Moazeni S, Pavanello F, Gevorgyan H, Notaros J, Alloatti L, et al. Integrating photonics with silicon nanoelectronics for the next generation of systems on a chip. Nature. 2018;556:349–54.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Higgs J, Titchen A. Professional Practice in Health, Education and the Creative Arts. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Science Ltd; 2008.

An edited book

1. Caruso F, editor. Modern Techniques for Nano- and Microreactors/-reactions. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2010.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Nalle SC, Turner JR. Endothelial and Epithelial Barriers in Graft-Versus-Host Disease. In: Cheng CY, editor. Biology and Regulation of Blood-Tissue Barriers. New York, NY: Springer; 2013. p. 105–31.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Microbiome.

Blog post

1. Hamilton K. The Global Impact Of Air Conditioning: Big And Getting Bigger [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2016 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/environment/the-global-impact-of-air-conditioning-big-and-getting-bigger/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Inconsistencies in Awarding Financial Aid to Students Under Four Federal Programs. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1979 May. Report No.: HRD-79-16.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Calderwood A. Improving the singer’s understanding of bebop language: Transcription application [Doctoral dissertation]. [Long Beach, CA]: California State University, Long Beach; 2014.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Higgins A. Lawyers Hint At Possibility Of Recovery Of Stolen Art. New York Times. 2013 Aug 13;A8.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Microbiome
Abbreviation	Microbiome
ISSN (online)	2049-2618
Scope