How to format your references using the Microbiome citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Microbiome. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Gisin N. Physics. Quantum nonlocality: how does nature do it? Science. 2009;326:1357–8.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Klironomos JN, Hart MM. Food-web dynamics. Animal nitrogen swap for plant carbon. Nature. 2001;410:651–2.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Ahn KH, Lookman T, Bishop AR. Strain-induced metal-insulator phase coexistence in perovskite manganites. Nature. 2004;428:401–4.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Darveau C-A, Suarez RK, Andrews RD, Hochachka PW. Allometric cascade as a unifying principle of body mass effects on metabolism. Nature. 2002;417:166–70.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Shynk JJ. Mathematical Foundations for Linear Circuits and Systems in Engineering. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc; 2016.

An edited book

1. Kokinov B, Richardson DC, Roth-Berghofer TR, Vieu L, editors. Modeling and Using Context: 6th International and Interdisciplinary Conference, CONTEXT 2007, Roskilde, Denmark, August 20-24, 2007. Proceedings. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2007.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Li H. Parameterization of 3D Conformal Transformations in Conformal Geometric Algebra. In: Bayro-Corrochano E, Scheuermann G, editors. Geometric Algebra Computing: in Engineering and Computer Science. London: Springer; 2010. p. 71–90.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Microbiome.

Blog post

1. Taub B. How Realistic Is It To Ask Someone To “Cry A River”? IFLScience. IFLScience; 2016.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Mass Transit: Grants Management Oversight Improving, but Better Follow-up Needed on Grantees’ Noncompliance. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1998 Apr. Report No.: RCED-98-89.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Farrell BM. Body composition changes and work-efficiency effects from diet modification and incorporation of an at-home exercise regimen [Doctoral dissertation]. [Cincinnati, OH]: University of Cincinnati; 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Reisner N, Fink S, Yee V. 8 Die After Power Fails at Care Center in Florida. New York Times. 2017 Sep 13;A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Microbiome
Abbreviation	Microbiome
ISSN (online)	2049-2618
Scope