How to format your references using the Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews (MMBR). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Bray D. 2003. Genomics. Molecular prodigality. Science 299:1189–1190.

A journal article with 2 authors

Fakhraai Z, Forrest JA. 2008. Measuring the surface dynamics of glassy polymers. Science 319:600–604.

A journal article with 3 authors

Bannani A, Bobisch C, Möller R. 2007. Ballistic electron microscopy of individual molecules. Science 315:1824–1828.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Mattesini M, Belonoshko AB, Tkalčić H, Buforn E, Udías A, Ahuja R. 2013. Candy Wrapper for the Earth’s inner core. Sci Rep 3:2096.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Dixon CS. 2010. Protestants. wiley-Blackwell, Oxford, UK.

An edited book

Lun YHV. 2016. Green Shipping Management1st ed. 2016. Springer International Publishing, Cham.

A chapter in an edited book

Hargittai I. 2015. Peace Through Chemistry, p. 25–27. In Hargittai, B, Hargittai, I (eds.), Culture of Chemistry: The Best Articles on the Human Side of 20th-Century Chemistry from the Archives of the Chemical Intelligencer. Springer US, Boston, MA.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews.

Blog post

Andrew E. 2014. Ancient Meteorite Sheds Light On The Early Solar System’s Magnetic Field. IFLScience. IFLScience. Retrieved 30 October 2018.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 1991. Aviation Acquisition: Further Changes Needed in FAA’s Management and Budgeting Practices. RCED-91-159. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Austin JH. 2015. Performing the past: Two pageant traditions in Nauvoo, Illinois. Doctoral dissertation. Indiana University, Bloomington, IN.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Searcey D. 2017. Boko Haram Frees Taken Girls, Nigeria Says. New York Times.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (1).
This sentence cites two references (1, 2).
This sentence cites four references (1–4).

About the journal

Full journal title	Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews
Abbreviation	Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev.
ISSN (print)	1092-2172
ISSN (online)	1098-5557
Scope	Molecular Biology General Immunology and Microbiology