How to format your references using the Microbial Risk Analysis citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Microbial Risk Analysis. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Ernst, T., 2013. Engineering. Controlling the polarity of silicon nanowire transistors. Science 340, 1414–1415.

A journal article with 2 authors

Rosenberg, M.I., Desplan, C., 2010. Molecular biology. Hiding in plain sight. Science 329, 284–285.

A journal article with 3 authors

Chandra, F.A., Buzi, G., Doyle, J.C., 2011. Glycolytic oscillations and limits on robust efficiency. Science 333, 187–192.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Takaba, H., Imai, T., Miki, S., Morishita, Y., Miyashita, A., Ishikawa, N., Nishizumi, H., Sakano, H., 2013. A major allogenic leukocyte antigen in the agnathan hagfish. Sci. Rep. 3, 1716.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Kindmann, R., Kraus, M., 2012. Steel Structures. Ernst & Sohn Verlag für Architektur und technische Wissenschaften GmbH & Co. KG, Berlin, Germany.

An edited book

Ho, J.D., Kroll, M.W. (Eds.), 2009. TASER® Conducted Electrical Weapons: Physiology, Pathology, and Law. Springer US, Boston, MA.

A chapter in an edited book

Popescu, E., 2012. Project-Based Learning with eMUSE, in: Popescu, E., Li, Q., Klamma, R., Leung, H., Specht, M. (Eds.), Advances in Web-Based Learning - ICWL 2012: 11th International Conference, Sinaia, Romania, September 2-4, 2012. Proceedings, Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp. 41–50.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Microbial Risk Analysis.

Blog post

Andrew, D., 2016. Climate Change Is Happening In Your Garden: Here’s How To Spot It [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL https://www.iflscience.com/environment/climate-change-is-happening-in-your-garden-heres-how-to-spot-it/ (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 1998. FCC: Service and Auction Rules for the 38.6-40.0 GHz Frequency Band (No. OGC-98-29). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Baldasaro, R.E., 2013. Person level analysis in latent growth curve models (Doctoral dissertation). University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Nir, S.M., Mueller, B., Navarro, M., 2015. A Tarnished Family Empire. New York Times MB1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Ernst, 2013).
This sentence cites two references (Ernst, 2013; Rosenberg and Desplan, 2010).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Rosenberg and Desplan, 2010)
Three or more authors: (Takaba et al., 2013)

About the journal

Full journal title	Microbial Risk Analysis
Abbreviation	Microb. Risk Anal.
ISSN (print)	2352-3522
Scope