How to format your references using the Microbial Risk Analysis citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Microbial Risk Analysis. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Russo, E., 2002. Putting politics back into science. Nature 415, 4–5.

A journal article with 2 authors

Berndt, J.D., Moon, R.T., 2013. Cell biology. Making a point with Wnt signals. Science 339, 1388–1389.

A journal article with 3 authors

Halevy, I., Johnston, D.T., Schrag, D.P., 2010. Explaining the structure of the Archean mass-independent sulfur isotope record. Science 329, 204–207.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Grakoui, A., Shoukry, N.H., Woollard, D.J., Han, J.-H., Hanson, H.L., Ghrayeb, J., Murthy, K.K., Rice, C.M., Walker, C.M., 2003. HCV persistence and immune evasion in the absence of memory T cell help. Science 302, 659–662.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Boeker, E., Van Grondelle, R., 2011. Environmental Physics. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK.

An edited book

Storch, H. von, Tol, R.S.J., Flöser, G. (Eds.), 2008. Environmental Crises, GKSS School of Environmental Research. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

A chapter in an edited book

Tunstall, N.E., Warr, C.G., 2012. Chemical Communication in Insects: The Peripheral Odour Coding System of Drosophila Melanogaster, in: López-Larrea, C. (Ed.), Sensing in Nature, Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. Springer US, New York, NY, pp. 59–77.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Microbial Risk Analysis.

Blog post

O`Callaghan, J., 2015. Strange “Haze” Spotted On Ceres Suggests Those Bright Spots Are Actually Made Of Ice [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL https://www.iflscience.com/space/haze-ceres-suggests-those-bright-spots-are-actually-made-ice/ (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 1997. Year 2000 Computing Crisis: An Assessment Guide (Supersedes 158206) (No. AIMD-10.1.14). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Powell, J.R., 2013. Ocean fronts in the Southern California Current System and their role in structuring zooplankton distributions, diel vertical migration, and size composition (Doctoral dissertation). University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Shpigel, B., 2016. A Giants Rookie Casts a Thoughtful Eye on the World. New York Times SP3.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Russo, 2002).
This sentence cites two references (Berndt and Moon, 2013; Russo, 2002).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Berndt and Moon, 2013)
Three or more authors: (Grakoui et al., 2003)

About the journal

Full journal title	Microbial Risk Analysis
Abbreviation	Microb. Risk Anal.
ISSN (print)	2352-3522
Scope