How to format your references using the Microbial Risk Analysis citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Microbial Risk Analysis. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Kolter, R., 2007. Microbiology. Deadly priming. Science 318, 578–579.

A journal article with 2 authors

Mesgarani, N., Chang, E.F., 2012. Selective cortical representation of attended speaker in multi-talker speech perception. Nature 485, 233–236.

A journal article with 3 authors

Gu, M., Kang, H., Li, X., 2014. Breaking the diffraction-limited resolution barrier in fiber-optical two-photon fluorescence endoscopy by an azimuthally-polarized beam. Sci. Rep. 4, 3627.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Mitchell, J.I., Zhou, N., Nam, W., Traverso, L.M., Xu, X., 2014. Sub-diffraction laser synthesis of silicon nanowires. Sci. Rep. 4, 3908.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Meiswinkel, R., Meyer, J., Schnell, J., 2013. Design and Construction of Nuclear Power Plants. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim, Germany.

An edited book

Close, J.-P. (Ed.), 2016. AiREAS: Sustainocracy for a Healthy City: The Invisible made Visible Phase 1, SpringerBriefs on Case Studies of Sustainable Development. Springer International Publishing, Cham.

A chapter in an edited book

Yuan, L.-P., Ma, G.-F., Sun, R.-S., 2016. An Analysis of Fatigue and Its Characteristics: A Survey on Chinese Air Traffic Controller, in: Harris, D. (Ed.), Engineering Psychology and Cognitive Ergonomics: 13th International Conference, EPCE 2016, Held as Part of HCI International 2016, Toronto, ON, Canada, July 17-22, 2016, Proceedings, Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp. 38–47.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Microbial Risk Analysis.

Blog post

Fang, J., 2015. Cancer Hijacks the Cell’s Aging Process [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 1991. Computer Security: Hackers Penetrate DOD Computer Systems (No. T-IMTEC-92-5). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Bontrager, J.G., 2015. Characterization and Applications for A Polymerized DiaCEST Contrast Agent (Doctoral dissertation). University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Brantley, B., 2017. A Souped-Up Revival Roars in London. New York Times C5.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Kolter, 2007).
This sentence cites two references (Kolter, 2007; Mesgarani and Chang, 2012).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Mesgarani and Chang, 2012)
Three or more authors: (Mitchell et al., 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Microbial Risk Analysis
Abbreviation	Microb. Risk Anal.
ISSN (print)	2352-3522
Scope