How to format your references using the Membranes citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Membranes. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Roberge, A. Astronomy: Hurling Comets around a Planetary Nursery. Nature 2014, 514, 440–441.

A journal article with 2 authors

Barnes, M.J.; Powrie, F. Immunology. The Gut’s Clostridium Cocktail. Science 2011, 331, 289–290.

A journal article with 3 authors

Sempere, T.; Hartley, A.; Roperch, P. Comment on “Rapid Uplift of the Altiplano Revealed through 13C-18O Bonds in Paleosol Carbonates.” Science 2006, 314, 760; author reply 760.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Feng, M.; McPhaden, M.J.; Xie, S.-P.; Hafner, J. La Niña Forces Unprecedented Leeuwin Current Warming in 2011. Sci. Rep. 2013, 3, 1277.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Clayton, L.A. Bartolomé de Las Casas and the Conquest of the Americas; Wiley-Blackwell: Oxford, UK, 2010; ISBN 9781444392746.

An edited book

Sports Injuries in Children and Adolescents; Karantanas, A.H., Ed.; Medical Radiology; Springer: Berlin, Heidelberg, 2011; ISBN 9783540885894.

A chapter in an edited book

du Plessis, J.; Sandrock, O. The German System of Supervisory Codetermination by Employees. In German Corporate Governance in International and European Context; Großfeld, B., Luttermann, C., Saenger, I., Sandrock, O., Eds.; Springer: Berlin, Heidelberg, 2007; pp. 111–144 ISBN 9783540711865.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Membranes.

Blog post

Hale, T. This Super-Realistic 3D Printed Body Is Helping Train Surgeons (accessed on 30 October 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office National Aeronautics and Space Administration: Leadership and Systems Needed to Effect Financial Management Improvements; U.S. Government Printing Office: Washington, DC, 2002;

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Uzoff, P.P. Virtual School Teacher’s Science Efficacy Beliefs: The Effects of Community of Practice on Science-Teaching Efficacy Beliefs. Doctoral dissertation, Pepperdine University: Malibu, CA, 2014.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Crow, K. Using Tall Yellow Globes To Find Elusive Yellow Cabs. New York Times 2000, 148.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Membranes
Abbreviation	Membranes (Basel)
ISSN (online)	2077-0375
Scope	General Materials Science