How to format your references using the Membranes citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Membranes. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Godfray, H.C.J. Challenges for Taxonomy. Nature 2002, 417, 17–19.

A journal article with 2 authors

Ryan, R.J.H.; Bernstein, B.E. Molecular Biology. Genetic Events That Shape the Cancer Epigenome. Science 2012, 336, 1513–1514.

A journal article with 3 authors

Tanaka, S.-I.; Matsunami, M.; Kimura, S.-I. An Investigation of Electron-Phonon Coupling via Phonon Dispersion Measurements in Graphite Using Angle-Resolved Photoelectron Spectroscopy. Sci. Rep. 2013, 3, 3031.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Wu, W.; Wang, C.; Li, Q.; Ye, C.; Qin, J.; Li, Z. The Influence of Pentafluorophenyl Groups on the Nonlinear Optical (NLO) Performance of High Generation Dendrons and Dendrimers. Sci. Rep. 2014, 4, 6101.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Glover, F.; Klingman, D.; Phillips, N.V. Network Models in Optimization and Their Applications in Practice; John Wiley & Sons, Inc.: Hoboken, NJ, 1992; ISBN 9781118033173.

An edited book

Web-Based Applications in Healthcare and Biomedicine; Lazakidou, A., Ed.; Annals of Information Systems; 1st ed.; Springer US: Boston, MA, 2010; Vol. 7; ISBN 9781441912732.

A chapter in an edited book

Cimatti, A.; Griggio, A.; Mover, S.; Tonetta, S. IC3 Modulo Theories via Implicit Predicate Abstraction. In Tools and Algorithms for the Construction and Analysis of Systems: 20th International Conference, TACAS 2014, Held as Part of the European Joint Conferences on Theory and Practice of Software, ETAPS 2014, Grenoble, France, April 5-13, 2014. Proceedings; Ábrahám, E., Havelund, K., Eds.; Lecture Notes in Computer Science; Springer: Berlin, Heidelberg, 2014; pp. 46–61 ISBN 9783642548611.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Membranes.

Blog post

Andrew, D. Should We Be Using Alcohol-Based Hand Sanitisers? (accessed on 30 October 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office Reimbursement of Depreciation and Interest Costs for Construction of Satellite Hospital; U.S. Government Printing Office: Washington, DC, 1978;

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Belletti, A. Trumpet Practice: Habits and Goals. Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach: Long Beach, CA, 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Williams, J. Eleanor’s Encouragement. New York Times 2017, BR4.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Membranes
Abbreviation	Membranes (Basel)
ISSN (online)	2077-0375
Scope	General Materials Science