How to format your references using the Membranes citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Membranes. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Elderfield, H. Climate. Seawater Chemistry and Climate. Science 2010, 327, 1092–1093.

A journal article with 2 authors

Sack, F.D.; Chen, J.-G. Plant Science. Pores in Place. Science 2009, 323, 592–593.

A journal article with 3 authors

Eagleman, D.M.; Jacobson, J.E.; Sejnowski, T.J. Perceived Luminance Depends on Temporal Context. Nature 2004, 428, 854–856.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Bellouin, N.; Boucher, O.; Haywood, J.; Reddy, M.S. Global Estimate of Aerosol Direct Radiative Forcing from Satellite Measurements. Nature 2005, 438, 1138–1141.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Matthews, C. Engineers’ Data Book; John Wiley & Sons, Ltd: Chichester, UK, 2012; ISBN 9781119967958.

An edited book

Ethical Prospects: Economy, Society, and Environment; Zsolnai, L., Boda, Z., Fekete, L., Eds.; 1st ed.; Springer Netherlands: Dordrecht, 2009; ISBN 9781402098208.

A chapter in an edited book

Sutherland, B.M. Medical and Environmental Effects of UV Radiation. In Environmental UV Radiation: Impact on Ecosystems and Human Health and Predictive Models: Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute on Environmental UV Radiation: Impact on Ecosystems and Human Health and Predictive Models Pisa, Italy June 2001; Ghetti, F., Checcucci, G., Bornman, J.F., Eds.; Nato Science Series: IV: Earth and Environmental Sciences; Springer Netherlands: Dordrecht, 2006; pp. 39–50 ISBN 9781402036958.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Membranes.

Blog post

Carpineti, A. We Now Know Why Pluto’s Moon Charon Has A Large Red Spot (accessed on 30 October 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office Commercial Activities in Schools: Use of Student Data Is Limited and Additional Dissemination of Guidance Could Help Districts Develop Policies; U.S. Government Printing Office: Washington, DC, 2004;

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Wang, X. Inferences on Gamma Distributions: Uncensored and Censored Cases. Doctoral dissertation, University of Louisiana: Lafayette, LA, 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Pilon, M.; Craig, S. Safety Concerns Stoke Criticism of Kennel Club. New York Times 2013, SP1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Membranes
Abbreviation	Membranes (Basel)
ISSN (online)	2077-0375
Scope	General Materials Science