How to format your references using the Medical Oncology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Medical Oncology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Diamond J. Unwritten knowledge. Nature. 2001;410:521.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Irvine RF, Denton RM. Cell biology. Pyro-technic control of metabolism. Science. 2011;334:770–1.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Harker DE, Woodward CE, Wooden DH. The dust grains from 9P/Tempel 1 before and after the encounter with Deep Impact. Science. 2005;310:278–80.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Shinoda T, Ogawa H, Cornelius F, Toyoshima C. Crystal structure of the sodium-potassium pump at 2.4 A resolution. Nature. 2009;459:446–50.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Alberty RA. Enzyme Kinetics: Rapid-Equilibrium Enzyme Kinetics. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2011.

An edited book

1. Yacob NA, Mohamed M, Megat Hanafiah MAK, editors. Regional Conference on Science, Technology and Social Sciences (RCSTSS 2014): Science and Technology. 1st ed. 2016. Singapore: Springer; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Hsu C-L, Lin Y-L, Wu T-C, Su C-H. Threshold Convertible Authenticated Encryption Scheme for Hierarchical Organizations. In: Kim T-H, Chang AC-C, Li M, Rong C, Patrikakis CZ, Ślęzak D, editors. Communication and Networking: International Conference, FGCN 2010, Held as Part of the Future Generation Information Technology Conference, FGIT 2010, Jeju Island, Korea, December 13-15, 2010 Proceedings, Part I. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2010. p. 23–36.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Medical Oncology.

Blog post

1. Andrew E. Most Convincing Evidence Yet For Dark Matter Detection [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2014 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/space/most-convincing-evidence-yet-dark-matter-detection/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Human Capital Management: FAA’s Reform Effort Requires a More Strategic Approach. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2003 Feb. Report No.: GAO-03-156.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Dennard B. The Impact of Racial Centrality on Authenticity and the Race-Based Impression Management Strategies of Black Management Consultants [Doctoral dissertation]. [Washington, DC]: George Washington University; 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Harris G, Kanter J. Pence Assures Europe of American Support. New York Times. 2017 Feb 20;A15.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Medical Oncology
Abbreviation	Med. Oncol.
ISSN (print)	1357-0560
ISSN (online)	1559-131X
Scope	Cancer Research General Medicine Hematology Oncology