How to format your references using the Medical Oncology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Medical Oncology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Peng X. China’s demographic history and future challenges. Science. 2011;333:581–7.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Panthi D, Tsutsumi A. Micro-tubular solid oxide fuel cell based on a porous yttria-stabilized zirconia support. Sci Rep. 2014;4:5754.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Griffin AS, West SA, Buckling A. Cooperation and competition in pathogenic bacteria. Nature. 2004;430:1024–7.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Lin F, Markus IM, Doeff MM, Xin HL. Chemical and structural stability of lithium-ion battery electrode materials under electron beam. Sci Rep. 2014;4:5694.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Kobilinsky L, Liotti TF, Oeser-Sweat J. DNA: Forensic and Legal Applications. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2004.

An edited book

1. Zhao M. The Boundary Theory of Phase Diagrams and Its Application: Rules for Phase Diagram Construction with Phase Regions and Their Boundaries. Song L, Fan X, editors. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2011.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Hagen S, Edwards N, Wilcock L, Kirschnick J, Rolia J. One Is Not Enough: A Hybrid Approach for IT Change Planning. In: Bartolini C, Gaspary LP, editors. Integrated Management of Systems, Services, Processes and People in IT: 20th IFIP/IEEE International Workshop on Distributed Systems: Operations and Management, DSOM 2009, Venice, Italy, October 27-28, 2009 Proceedings. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2009. p. 56–70.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Medical Oncology.

Blog post

1. Andrew E. Some Creatures Use Electricity And Vibrations In Sex (And This Can Be Dangerous) [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/some-creatures-use-electricity-and-vibrations-sex-and-can-be-dangerous/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Information Technology: Customs Automated Commercial Environment Program Progressing, but Need for Management Improvements Continues. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2005 Mar. Report No.: GAO-05-267.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Olson LL. Of Hell and High Water: Longitudinal Case Studies of the Internal and External Recovery Efforts of Non-Governmental Organizations after Hurricane Katrina [Doctoral dissertation]. [Washington, DC]: George Washington University; 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Dominus S. They Were With Her From the Very Start. New York Times. 2016 Dec 24;ST1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Medical Oncology
Abbreviation	Med. Oncol.
ISSN (print)	1357-0560
ISSN (online)	1559-131X
Scope	Cancer Research General Medicine Hematology Oncology