How to format your references using the Medical Journal Armed Forces India citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Medical Journal Armed Forces India. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Egan G. Only connect. Nature. 2000;403(6770):599.

A journal article with 2 authors

Weber T, Deutsch C. Oceanic nitrogen reservoir regulated by plankton diversity and ocean circulation. Nature. 2012;489(7416):419-422.

A journal article with 3 authors

Beskow LM, Dame L, Costello EJ. Research ethics. Certificates of confidentiality and compelled disclosure of data. Science. 2008;322(5904):1054-1055.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Shinozaki Y, Nomura M, Iwatsuki K, Moriyama Y, Gachet C, Koizumi S. Microglia trigger astrocyte-mediated neuroprotection via purinergic gliotransmission. Sci Rep. 2014;4:4329.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Raeburn D. Greek Tragedies as Plays for Performance. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2016.

An edited book

Dimian M. Noise-Driven Phenomena in Hysteretic Systems. Vol 218. (Andrei P, ed.). Springer; 2014.

A chapter in an edited book

Warrier SB, Kharkar PS. Inverse Virtual Screening in Drug Repositioning: Detailed Investigation and Case Studies. In: Ramasami P, Gupta Bhowon M, Jhaumeer Laulloo S, Li Kam Wah H, eds. Crystallizing Ideas – The Role of Chemistry. Springer International Publishing; 2016:71-83.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Medical Journal Armed Forces India.

Blog post

Carpineti A. Astronomers Have Discovered A Pulsating White Dwarf. IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Aviation Safety: Proposals to Enhance Aircraft Tracking and Flight Data Recovery May Aid Accident Investigation, but Challenges Remain. U.S. Government Printing Office; 2015.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Kingston SE. Genome-Wide Analysis of Divergence and Introgression in Towhee Hybrid Zones. Doctoral dissertation. University of Maryland, College Park; 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Longman J. A Description as Enigmatic as How to Escape a Slump. New York Times. December 19, 2015:SP5.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Medical Journal Armed Forces India
Abbreviation	Med J. Armed Forces India
ISSN (print)	0377-1237
Scope	General Medicine