How to format your references using the Medical Journal Armed Forces India citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Medical Journal Armed Forces India. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Young RC. The sounds of silence. Nature. 2000;408(6809):141.

A journal article with 2 authors

Field B, Osbourn AE. Metabolic diversification--independent assembly of operon-like gene clusters in different plants. Science. 2008;320(5875):543-547.

A journal article with 3 authors

Ko HW, Jiang J, Edery I. Role for Slimb in the degradation of Drosophila Period protein phosphorylated by Doubletime. Nature. 2002;420(6916):673-678.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Lee SM, Pippel E, Gösele U, et al. Greatly increased toughness of infiltrated spider silk. Science. 2009;324(5926):488-492.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Reiman J. As Free and as Just as Possible. Wiley-Blackwell; 2012.

An edited book

Guveli A. Intergenerational Consequences of Migration: Socio-Economic, Family and Cultural Patterns of Stability and Change in Turkey and Europe. (Ganzeboom HBG, Platt L, Nauck B, et al., eds.). Palgrave Macmillan UK; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

Bucher T, Winter R. Taxonomy of Business Process Management Approaches. In: vom Brocke J, Rosemann M, eds. Handbook on Business Process Management 2: Strategic Alignment, Governance, People and Culture. Springer; 2010:93-114.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Medical Journal Armed Forces India.

Blog post

Andrew E. 2016 Is Likely To Be The World’s Hottest Year: Here’s Why. IFLScience. May 18, 2016. Accessed October 30, 2018. https://www.iflscience.com/environment/2016-likely-be-world-s-hottest-year-here-s-why/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Medicare Transaction System: Serious Managerial and Technical Weaknesses Threaten Modernization. U.S. Government Printing Office; 1997.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Chalmers TD. The Social Context of Advertising: Authenticity, Social Identity, and Reflected Appraisals. Doctoral dissertation. University of Arizona; 2009.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Hodara S. A Master of Metallurgy. New York Times. February 1, 2015:WE10.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Medical Journal Armed Forces India
Abbreviation	Med J. Armed Forces India
ISSN (print)	0377-1237
Scope	General Medicine