How to format your references using the Medical Humanities citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Medical Humanities. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Barrett TA. Developmental biology. Intestinal wound healing requires a Wnt balancing act. Science. 2012;338:51–2.

A journal article with 2 authors

Kingston T, Rossiter SJ. Harmonic-hopping in Wallacea’s bats. Nature. 2004;429:654–7.

A journal article with 3 authors

Whiteus C, Freitas C, Grutzendler J. Perturbed neural activity disrupts cerebral angiogenesis during a postnatal critical period. Nature. 2014;505:407–11.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Wolf SA, Awschalom DD, Buhrman RA, et al. Spintronics: a spin-based electronics vision for the future. Science. 2001;294:1488–95.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Bragg SM. The New CFO Financial Leadership Manual. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2010.

An edited book

Jermann C, Neumaier A, Sam D, editors. Global Optimization and Constraint Satisfaction: Second International Workshop, COCOS 2003, Lausanne, Switzerland, November 18-21, 2003, Revised Selected Papers. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer 2005.

A chapter in an edited book

Faggioni L, Paolicchi F, Marinelli M. Caratteristiche di base delle immagini TC. In: Paolicchi F, Neri E, eds. Elementi di tomografia computerizzata. Milano: Springer 2010:49–58.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Medical Humanities.

Blog post

Andrew E. Scientists Use Lasers To Regrow Teeth From Stem Cells. IFLScience. 2014. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/scientists-use-lasers-regrow-teeth-stem-cells/ (accessed 30 October 2018)

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Information on Federally Assisted Health Professions Scholarship Programs. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office 1979.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Moose AM. The Relationship of Distributed Expertise and Shared Leadership in New Product Development Teams: A Comparative Case Study. 2013.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Saslow L. Schoolhouse Blues. New York Times. 2006;14LI8.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Medical Humanities
Abbreviation	Med. Humanit.
ISSN (print)	1468-215X
ISSN (online)	1473-4265
Scope	Philosophy Pathology and Forensic Medicine