How to format your references using the Medical Engineering and Physics citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Medical Engineering and Physics. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Smaglik P. Take your partner by the hand. Nature 2005;435:1281.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Hedstrom L, Frey PA. Robert H. Abeles (1926-2000). Nature 2000;407:854.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Garner HR, McIver LJ, Waitzkin MB. Research funding: Same work, twice the money? Nature 2013;493:599–601.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Moulin L, Munive A, Dreyfus B, Boivin-Masson C. Nodulation of legumes by members of the beta-subclass of Proteobacteria. Nature 2001;411:948–50.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Kim H-G, Moreau N, Sikora T. MPEG-7 Audio and Beyond. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2006.

An edited book

[1]

Manente M. Responsible Tourism and CSR: Assessment Systems for Sustainable Development of SMEs in Tourism. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2014.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Aalbers MB. How Do Mortgage Lenders Influence Neighbourhood Dynamics? Redlining and Predatory Lending. In: van Ham M, Manley D, Bailey N, Simpson L, Maclennan D, editors. Understanding Neighbourhood Dynamics: New Insights for Neighbourhood Effects Research, Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2013, p. 63–85.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Medical Engineering and Physics.

Blog post

[1]

Carpineti A. Scientists Claim To Have Found 234 Alien Civilizations. IFLScience 2016. https://www.iflscience.com/space/scientists-claim-to-have-found-234-alien-civilizations/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Chemical and Biological Warfare: Use of Collective Protection on Vehicles, Aircraft, and Ships. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1991.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Carver JR. CMO: Chief Marketing Officer or chief “marginalized” officer. Doctoral dissertation. University of Arizona, 2009.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Shpigel B. Fighting It Out in a Race for the Perfect Wheelchair. New York Times 2016:D2.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Medical Engineering and Physics
Abbreviation	Med. Eng. Phys.
ISSN (print)	1350-4533
Scope	Biophysics Biomedical Engineering