How to format your references using the Mayo Clinic Proceedings citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Mayo Clinic Proceedings. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Bowman L. Different directions? Nature. 2003;426(6967):712.

A journal article with 2 authors

Rainey PB, Rainey K. Evolution of cooperation and conflict in experimental bacterial populations. Nature. 2003;425(6953):72-74.

A journal article with 3 authors

Wang Z, Xu B, Zhou HJ. Social cycling and conditional responses in the Rock-Paper-Scissors game. Sci Rep. 2014;4:5830.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Cheng Y, Zhang H, Varanasi CV, Liu J. Highly efficient oxygen reduction electrocatalysts based on winged carbon nanotubes. Sci Rep. 2013;3:3195.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Waigh TA. The Physics of Living Processes. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2014.

An edited book

Breslin JG. The Social Semantic Web. (Passant A, Decker S, eds.). Springer; 2009.

A chapter in an edited book

Chin FYL, Fu B, Jiang M, Ting HF, Zhang Y. Competitive Algorithms for Unbounded One-Way Trading. In: Gu Q, Hell P, Yang B, eds. Algorithmic Aspects in Information and Management: 10th International Conference, AAIM 2014, Vancouver, BC, Canada, July 8-11, 2014. Proceedings. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer International Publishing; 2014:32-43.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Mayo Clinic Proceedings.

Blog post

Hamilton K. Robots And AI Could Soon Have Feelings, Hopes And Rights… We Must Prepare For The Reckoning. IFLScience. March 3, 2017. Accessed October 30, 2018. https://www.iflscience.com/technology/robots-and-ai-could-soon-have-feelings-hopes-and-rights-we-must-prepare-for-the-reckoning/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Implementation of the Carl D. Perkins Vocational Education Act. U.S. Government Printing Office; 1989.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Umstead HG. Determining the Value of Outdoor Adventure Education for Educational Leaders. Doctoral dissertation. University of Louisiana; 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kelly K, Thomas L Jr. Blackstone Group Joins Forces With Saudis on U.S. Infrastructure Investments. New York Times. May 26, 2017:B1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Mayo Clinic Proceedings
Abbreviation	Mayo Clin. Proc.
ISSN (print)	0025-6196
Scope	General Medicine