How to format your references using the Materials Today Energy citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Materials Today Energy. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

J.C.L. Chan, Comment on “Changes in tropical cyclone number, duration, and intensity in a warming environment,” Science. 311 (2006) 1713; author reply 1713.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

D.R. Levitan, D.L. Ferrell, Selection on gamete recognition proteins depends on sex, density, and genotype frequency, Science. 312 (2006) 267–269.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

B. Ng, W. Cai, K. Walsh, The role of the SST-thermocline relationship in Indian Ocean Dipole skewness and its response to global warming, Sci. Rep. 4 (2014) 6034.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

S. Creel, D. Christianson, S. Liley, J.A. Winnie Jr, Predation risk affects reproductive physiology and demography of elk, Science. 315 (2007) 960.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

S. Caban, C. Mehlführer, M. Rupp, M. Wrulich, Evaluation of HSDPA and LTE, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK, 2011.

An edited book

[1]

R. Schiessel, P. Metzger, eds., Intersphincteric Resection for Low Rectal Tumors, Springer, Vienna, 2012.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

M.W. Jessell, D. Koehn, P.D. Bons, M.W. Jessell, J.L. Urai, O. Schenk, S. Piazolo, E. Siebert, P.D. Bons, L. Evans, D. Koehn, T. Sachau, S.E. Johnson, W.G. Groome, Case studies and coupling of processes, in: P.D.D. Bons, D. Koehn, M.W. Jessell (Eds.), Microdynamics Simulation, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2008: pp. 207–266.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Materials Today Energy.

Blog post

[1]

D. Andrew, Ice ages Have Been Linked To The Earth’s Wobbly Orbit – But When Is The Next One?, IFLScience. (2016). https://www.iflscience.com/environment/ice-ages-have-been-linked-to-the-earths-wobbly-orbit-but-when-is-the-next-one/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, Coast Guard: Clarifying the Application of Guidance for Common Operational Picture Development Would Strengthen Program, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 2013.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

P.D. Boudreau, Orthogonality in Natural Products Workflows, Doctoral dissertation, University of California San Diego, 2015.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

S. Kishkovsky, Yevgeny Kolobov, 57; Founded an Opera Theater, New York Times. (2003) A25.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Materials Today Energy
ISSN (print)	2468-6069
Scope