How to format your references using the Materials Letters citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Materials Letters. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

C. Cassou, Intraseasonal interaction between the Madden-Julian Oscillation and the North Atlantic Oscillation, Nature. 455 (2008) 523–527.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

S.J. Tapscott, C.A. Thornton, Biomedicine. Reconstructing myotonic dystrophy, Science. 293 (2001) 816–817.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

A. Zavatta, S. Viciani, M. Bellini, Quantum-to-classical transition with single-photon-added coherent states of light, Science. 306 (2004) 660–662.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

H. Ihee, V.A. Lobastov, U.M. Gomez, B.M. Goodson, R. Srinivasan, C.Y. Ruan, A.H. Zewail, Direct imaging of transient molecular structures with ultrafast diffraction, Science. 291 (2001) 458–462.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

W. Chin, Reservoir Engineering in Modern Oilfields, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ, 2016.

An edited book

[1]

Z. Vlodaver, R.F. Wilson, D.J. Garry, eds., Coronary Heart Disease: Clinical, Pathological, Imaging, and Molecular Profiles, Springer US, Boston, MA, 2012.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

G. Scaramuzza, Antonio Banfi, in: H.R. Sepp, L. Embree (Eds.), Handbook of Phenomenological Aesthetics, Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, 2010: pp. 29–32.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Materials Letters.

Blog post

[1]

E. Andrew, Watch As Great White Shark Steals Bag of Chum From Boat, IFLScience. (2014). https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/watch-great-white-shark-steals-bag-chum-boat/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, Transit Rail: Potential Rail Car Cost-Saving Strategies Exist, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 2010.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

G.G. Peterson, Long-Term Effects of Care Management on Mortality, Hospitalizations, and Medicare Costs Among Chronically-Ill Medicare Beneficiaries, Doctoral dissertation, George Washington University, 2013.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

E. Barry, Harsh Light Falls on Bolshoi After Acid Attack, New York Times. (2013) A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Materials Letters
Abbreviation	Mater. Lett.
ISSN (print)	0167-577X
Scope	Mechanical Engineering Mechanics of Materials General Materials Science Condensed Matter Physics