How to format your references using the Marine Environmental Research citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Marine Environmental Research. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Narain, S., 2012. Sanitation for all. Nature 486, 185.

A journal article with 2 authors

Stark, C.P., Stieglitz, M., 2000. Hydrology. The sting in a fractal tail. Nature 403, 493, 495.

A journal article with 3 authors

Rohatgi, R., Milenkovic, L., Scott, M.P., 2007. Patched1 regulates hedgehog signaling at the primary cilium. Science 317, 372–376.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Smith, G.F., Steenkamp, Y., Klopper, R.R., Siebert, S.J., Arnold, T.H., 2003. The price of collecting life. Nature 422, 375–376.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Chen, W.-Y., 2013. NeuroInvesting. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK.

An edited book

Baars, H.F., Doevendans, P.A.F.M., Houweling, A.C., van Tintelen, J.P. (Eds.), 2016. Clinical Cardiogenetics, 2nd ed. 2017. ed. Springer International Publishing, Cham.

A chapter in an edited book

Capps, J., Daniels, M., Sosolik, C.E., Marinescu, D.C., 2016. Friedel oscillations in a lateral superlattice with spin-orbit interaction, in: Polini, M., Vignale, G., Pellegrini, V., Jain, J.K. (Eds.), No-Nonsense Physicist: An Overview of Gabriele Giuliani’s Work and Life. Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, pp. 45–60.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Marine Environmental Research.

Blog post

Hale, T., 2016. Moron Allegedly Punches Hammerhead Shark To Death On Beach [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 1992. Mission Support Project: User Perceptions on Computer Use and Network Operations (No. OIMC-92-4). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Knight, M., 2012. Technological Advancement in Conflict Assessment: A Case Study of the Fund for Peace’s Universal Network of Local Knowledge in Liberia (Doctoral dissertation). George Washington University, Washington, DC.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

(nyt), S.K., 2003. World Briefing | Europe: Russia: Breakaway Church In Talks. New York Times A14.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Narain, 2012).
This sentence cites two references (Narain, 2012; Stark and Stieglitz, 2000).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Stark and Stieglitz, 2000)
Three or more authors: (Smith et al., 2003)

About the journal

Full journal title	Marine Environmental Research
Abbreviation	Mar. Environ. Res.
ISSN (print)	0141-1136
Scope	Aquatic Science Oceanography Pollution General Medicine