How to format your references using the Manual Therapy citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Manual Therapy. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Richards PG. Obituary: Keiiti Aki (1930-2005). Nature 2005;435:1176.

A journal article with 2 authors

Pflamm-Altenburg J, Kroupa P. Clustered star formation as a natural explanation for the Halpha cut-off in disk galaxies. Nature 2008;455:641–3.

A journal article with 3 authors

Antón SC, Potts R, Aiello LC. Human evolution. Evolution of early Homo: an integrated biological perspective. Science 2014;345:1236828.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Kamaras K, Itkis ME, Hu H, Zhao B, Haddon RC. Covalent bond formation to a carbon nanotube metal. Science 2003;301:1501.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Belfiore LA. Transport Phenomena for Chemical Reactor Design. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2003.

An edited book

Pokorski M, editor. Respiratory Medicine and Science. vol. 910. 1st ed. 2016. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

Gecow A. Emergence of Chaos and Complexity During System Growth. In: Aziz-Alaoui MA, Bertelle C, editors. From System Complexity to Emergent Properties, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2009, p. 115–54.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Manual Therapy.

Blog post

Andrew E. Number of Measles Cases Linked To Disneyland Continues To Grow. IFLScience 2015. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/number-measles-cases-linked-disneyland-continues-grow/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. The Post-Implementation Review. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1980.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Hoover JH. The Arizona water-energy nexus: Electricity for water and wastewater services. Doctoral dissertation. University of Arizona, 2009.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Wagner J. Mets Come Out Swinging Like Contenders. New York Times 2016:SP2.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Richards, 2005).
This sentence cites two references (Pflamm-Altenburg and Kroupa, 2008; Richards, 2005).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Pflamm-Altenburg and Kroupa, 2008)
Three or more authors: (Kamaras et al., 2003)

About the journal

Full journal title	Manual Therapy
Abbreviation	Man. Ther.
ISSN (print)	1356-689X
Scope	General Medicine Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation