How to format your references using the Manual Therapy citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Manual Therapy. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Basnyat B. Tackle Nepal’s typhoid problem now. Nature 2015;524:267.

A journal article with 2 authors

Godfray C, Hassell M. Obituary: Richard Southwood (1931-2005). Nature 2005;438:928.

A journal article with 3 authors

Meyer zu Heringdorf FJ, Reuter MC, Tromp RM. Growth dynamics of pentacene thin films. Nature 2001;412:517–20.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Su Q, Pan H, Liu B, Chu D, Xie W, Wu Q, et al. Insect symbiont facilitates vector acquisition, retention, and transmission of plant virus. Sci Rep 2013;3:1367.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Mathian H, Sanders L. Spatio-Temporal Approaches. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2014.

An edited book

Sathyajith M, Philip GS, editors. Advances in Wind Energy Conversion Technology. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2011.

A chapter in an edited book

Nguyen GP, Andersen HJ. Fast and Efficient Local Features Detection for Building Recognition. In: Kwaśnicka H, Jain LC, editors. Innovations in Intelligent Image Analysis, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2011, p. 87–104.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Manual Therapy.

Blog post

Andrews R. 16th-Century Church Emerges From Dam Reservoir After Drought. IFLScience 2017. https://www.iflscience.com/environment/16thcentury-church-emerges-from-dam-reservoir-after-drought/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Charter Schools: Use of Start-Up Grant Funds. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1998.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Milliken DE. Blood pressure measurement in the primary care provider setting: A project evaluating the blood pressure technique of nursing staff. Doctoral dissertation. California State University, Long Beach, 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Hamilton JM, Kosar KR. All the President’s Propaganda. New York Times 2016:A21.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Basnyat, 2015).
This sentence cites two references (Basnyat, 2015; Godfray and Hassell, 2005).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Godfray and Hassell, 2005)
Three or more authors: (Su et al., 2013)

About the journal

Full journal title	Manual Therapy
Abbreviation	Man. Ther.
ISSN (print)	1356-689X
Scope	General Medicine Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation