How to format your references using the Malaysian Orthopaedic Journal citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Malaysian Orthopaedic Journal (MOJ). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Montell DJ. Morphogenetic cell movements: diversity from modular mechanical properties. Science. 2008;322(5907):1502-1505.

A journal article with 2 authors

Settembre C, Ballabio A. Cell metabolism: autophagy transcribed. Nature. 2014;516(7529):40-41.

A journal article with 3 authors

Hernlund JW, Thomas C, Tackley PJ. A doubling of the post-perovskite phase boundary and structure of the Earth’s lowermost mantle. Nature. 2005;434(7035):882-886.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Mondal A, Black B, Kim Y-T, Mohanty S. Loop formation and self-fasciculation of cortical axon using photonic guidance at long working distance. Sci Rep. 2014;4:6902.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Connors LA, Alvarez C. How Markets Really Work. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2012.

An edited book

Gontier N, ed. Reticulate Evolution: Symbiogenesis, Lateral Gene Transfer, Hybridization and Infectious Heredity. Vol 3. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2015.

A chapter in an edited book

Di Perri C, Annen J, Antonopoulos G, Amico E, Cavaliere C, Laureys S. Measuring Consciousness Through Imaging. In: Monti MM, Sannita WG, eds. Brain Function and Responsiveness in Disorders of Consciousness. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016:51-65.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Malaysian Orthopaedic Journal.

Blog post

Andrew E. Mystery In Northern Scotland That Is Baffling Multiple Sclerosis Experts. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/mystery-northern-scotland-baffling-multiple-sclerosis-experts/. Published May 29, 2016. Accessed 30 October 2018.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Ready Reserve Force: Ship Readiness Has Improved, but Other Concerns Remain. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1994.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Tucker MT. Structure-property stress state dependent relationships under varying strain rates. 2009.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Loomis SH. Making the Restaurant Part of the Family. New York Times. January 7, 2014:D7.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ^².
This sentence cites two references ^²,⁴.
This sentence cites four references ^{²,⁴,⁶,⁸}.

About the journal

Full journal title	Malaysian Orthopaedic Journal
ISSN (print)	1985-2533
ISSN (online)	2232-111X
Scope

Research and Writing Guides