How to format your references using the Malaysian Orthopaedic Journal citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Malaysian Orthopaedic Journal (MOJ). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Harley CDG. Climate change, keystone predation, and biodiversity loss. Science. 2011;334(6059):1124-1127.

A journal article with 2 authors

Calabrese EJ, Baldwin LA. Toxicology rethinks its central belief. Nature. 2003;421(6924):691-692.

A journal article with 3 authors

Herbst J, Heyne K, Diller R. Femtosecond infrared spectroscopy of bacteriorhodopsin chromophore isomerization. Science. 2002;297(5582):822-825.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Cowen JP, Giovannoni SJ, Kenig F, Johnson HP, Butterfield D, Rappé MS, et al. Fluids from aging ocean crust that support microbial life. Science. 2003;299(5603):120-123.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Robson Wright M. An Introduction to Chemical Kinetics. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2005.

An edited book

Linares F. Introduction to Nonlinear Dispersive Equations. 2nd ed. 2015. (Ponce G, ed.). New York, NY: Springer; 2015.

A chapter in an edited book

Landau ID, Lozano R, M’Saad M, Karimi A. Recursive Plant Model Identification in Open Loop. In: Lozano R, M’Saad M, Karimi A, eds. Adaptive Control: Algorithms, Analysis and Applications. Communications and Control Engineering. London: Springer; 2011:153-191.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Malaysian Orthopaedic Journal.

Blog post

Luntz S. Space Travel Makes Cherry Trees Bloom Years Early. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/space-travel-makes-cherry-trees-bloom-years-early/. Published April 13, 2014. Accessed 30 October 2018.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. The Problems of Management Information Systems: Why They Fail. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1972.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Holland JH. Investigating the relationship between the policy implementation process and the utilization of information technology in a constitutional republic: The case of I-269 NEPA process. 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Saslow L. Working to Restore Help for AIDS Patients. New York Times. May 4, 2008:LI5.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ^².
This sentence cites two references ^²,⁴.
This sentence cites four references ^{²,⁴,⁶,⁸}.

About the journal

Full journal title	Malaysian Orthopaedic Journal
ISSN (print)	1985-2533
ISSN (online)	2232-111X
Scope