How to format your references using the Malaysian Orthopaedic Journal citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Malaysian Orthopaedic Journal (MOJ). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Steinhardt P. Big Bang blunder bursts the multiverse bubble. Nature. 2014;510(7503):9.

A journal article with 2 authors

Ho L, Crabtree GR. Chromatin remodelling during development. Nature. 2010;463(7280):474-484.

A journal article with 3 authors

Hautier Y, Niklaus PA, Hector A. Competition for light causes plant biodiversity loss after eutrophication. Science. 2009;324(5927):636-638.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Eastwood G, Goodman SJ, Cunningham AA, Kramer LD. Aedes taeniorhynchus vectorial capacity informs a pre-emptive assessment of West Nile virus establishment in Galápagos. Sci Rep. 2013;3:1519.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Vaccari DA, Strom PF, Alleman JE. Environmental Biology for Engineers and Scientists. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2005.

An edited book

Dittmar T, Zänker KS, eds. Cell Fusion in Health and Disease. Vol 713. 1st ed. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2011.

A chapter in an edited book

Fichtner H, Heber B, Herbst K, Kopp A, Scherer K. Solar Activity, the Heliosphere, Cosmic Rays and Their Impact on the Earth’s Atmosphere. In: Lübken F-J, ed. Climate and Weather of the Sun-Earth System (CAWSES): Highlights from a Priority Program. Springer Atmospheric Sciences. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2013:55-78.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Malaysian Orthopaedic Journal.

Blog post

Andrew E. Russian Company Announces It Is Planning To Build A Lunar Base. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/space/russian-company-announces-it-planning-build-lunar-base/. Published January 4, 2015. Accessed 30 October 2018.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. FAA Budget: 1991 Funding Request for Computers and Communications Can Be Reduced. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1990.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Parhad A. Energy scavenging using piezoelectric sensors to power in pavement intelligent vehicle detection systems. 2015.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Rothenberg B. Ninth-Seeded Radwanska Exceeds Her Expectations. New York Times. July 9, 2017:D3.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ^².
This sentence cites two references ^²,⁴.
This sentence cites four references ^{²,⁴,⁶,⁸}.

About the journal

Full journal title	Malaysian Orthopaedic Journal
ISSN (print)	1985-2533
ISSN (online)	2232-111X
Scope