How to format your references using the Malaysian Orthopaedic Journal citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Malaysian Orthopaedic Journal (MOJ). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Chapman T. High throughput goes 3D. Nature. 2003;425(6960):871.

A journal article with 2 authors

Calka A, Wexler D. Mechanical milling assisted by electrical discharge. Nature. 2002;419(6903):147-151.

A journal article with 3 authors

Rossa FD, Dercole F, Piccardi C. Profiling core-periphery network structure by random walkers. Sci Rep. 2013;3:1467.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Mueller SN, Hosiawa-Meagher KA, Konieczny BT, Sullivan BM, Bachmann MF, Locksley RM, et al. Regulation of homeostatic chemokine expression and cell trafficking during immune responses. Science. 2007;317(5838):670-674.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Yan SY. Computational Number Theory and Modern Cryptography. Fusionopolis Walk, Singapore: John Wiley & Sons Singapore Pte. Ltd.; 2012.

An edited book

Palese P, ed. Modulation of Host Gene Expression and Innate Immunity by Viruses. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2005.

A chapter in an edited book

Wu L, Porras A, Benavides R, Zeballos DG, Arevalo JF. Angiography of Retinal Vascular Diseases. In: Arevalo JF, ed. Retinal Angiography and Optical Coherence Tomography. New York, NY: Springer; 2009:105-132.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Malaysian Orthopaedic Journal.

Blog post

Andrews R. Military Officials Say Climate Change Presents “Significant And Direct Risks To US Homeland.” IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/environment/military-officials-climate-change-significant-direct-risks-us-homeland/. Published September 15, 2016. Accessed 30 October 2018.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Screening Partnership Program: TSA Can Benefit from Improved Cost Estimates. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2015.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Karriem KL. The relationship between stress and emotional intelligence among direct-care workers. 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Nir SM, Surico J. Three Shots and an Officer Down: Gripping Testimony in Queens. New York Times. October 24, 2017:A21.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ^².
This sentence cites two references ^²,⁴.
This sentence cites four references ^{²,⁴,⁶,⁸}.

About the journal

Full journal title	Malaysian Orthopaedic Journal
ISSN (print)	1985-2533
ISSN (online)	2232-111X
Scope