How to format your references using the Machine Learning: Science and Technology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Machine Learning: Science and Technology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Aebersold R 2003 Constellations in a cellular universe Nature 422 115–6

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Bruno R M and Sakmann B 2006 Cortex is driven by weak but synchronously active thalamocortical synapses Science 312 1622–7

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Staal M, Meysman F J R and Stal L J 2003 Temperature excludes N2-fixing heterocystous cyanobacteria in the tropical oceans Nature 425 504–7

A journal article with 99 or more authors

[1]

Zhu J, Özdemir S K, Yilmaz H, Peng B, Dong M, Tomes M, Carmon T and Yang L 2014 Interfacing whispering-gallery microresonators and free space light with cavity enhanced Rayleigh scattering Sci. Rep. 4 6396

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Lehto J and Hou X 2010 Chemistry and Analysis of Radionuclides (Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA)

An edited book

[1]

Piprek J 2005 Optoelectronic Devices: Advanced Simulation and Analysis (New York, NY: Springer)

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Grilo C and Correia L 2009 Instability in Spatial Evolutionary Games Progress in Artificial Intelligence: 14th Portuguese Conference on Artificial Intelligence, EPIA 2009, Aveiro, Portugal, October 12-15, 2009. Proceedings Lecture Notes in Computer Science ed L S Lopes, N Lau, P Mariano and L M Rocha (Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer) pp 41–52

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Machine Learning: Science and Technology.

Blog post

[1]

Fang J 2014 How Whales Avoid Being Flayed Alive by Gulls IFLScience

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office 1973 Effectiveness and Administration of the Expanded Food and Nutrition Education Program (Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office)

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Ballard K J 2012 Frequent factors for psychiatric hospital readmission Doctoral dissertation (Long Beach, CA: California State University, Long Beach)

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Rosenberg E, Medina J and Eligon J 2016 Protesters Take Anti-Trump Message to His Doorstep, and Plan Next Move New York Times A25

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Machine Learning: Science and Technology
ISSN (online)	2632-2153
Scope