How to format your references using the LWT citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for LWT. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Nisini, B. (2000). ASTRONOMY: Enhanced: Water’s Role in Making Stars. Science (New York, N.Y.), 290(5496), 1513–1514.

A journal article with 2 authors

Merrell, D. S., & Falkow, S. (2004). Frontal and stealth attack strategies in microbial pathogenesis. Nature, 430(6996), 250–256.

A journal article with 3 authors

Sasaki, M., Takagi, M., & Okamura, Y. (2006). A voltage sensor-domain protein is a voltage-gated proton channel. Science (New York, N.Y.), 312(5773), 589–592.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Uemura, M., Kato, T., Ishioka, R., Yamaoka, H., Monard, B., Nogami, D., Maehara, H., Sugie, A., & Takahashi, S. (2003). Structure in the early afterglow light curve of the gamma-ray burst of 29 March 2003. Nature, 423(6942), 843–844.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Ming, D., Glasser, D., Hildebrandt, D., Glasser, B., & Metzer, M. (2016). Attainable Region Theory. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Hindriks, K. V., Pokahr, A., & Sardina, S. (Eds.). (2009). Programming Multi-Agent Systems: 6th International Workshop, ProMAS 2008, Estoril, Portugal, May 13, 2008. Revised Invited and Selected Papers (Vol. 5442). Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Custódio, R. F., Vigil, M. A. G., Romani, J., Pereira, F. C., & da Silva Fraga, J. (2008). Optimized Certificates – A New Proposal for Efficient Electronic Document Signature Validation. In S. F. Mjølsnes, S. Mauw, & S. K. Katsikas (Eds.), Public Key Infrastructure: 5th European PKI Workshop: Theory and Practice, EuroPKI 2008 Trondheim, Norway, June 16-17, 2008 Proceedings (pp. 49–59). Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for LWT.

Blog post

Andrew, E. (2014, December 19). A Tale Of Two Epidemics: Media Reporting On Ebola. IFLScience; IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/tale-two-epidemics-media-reporting-ebola/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1993). Air Traffic Control: Status of FAA’s Modernization Program (RCED-93-121FS). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Powell, T. J. (2012). Saxophone sonatas: 1980–2010 [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Maryland, College Park.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kishkovsky, S. (2003, September 17). Bolshoi Decides It’s Over Before “Fat” Lady Dances. New York Times, A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Nisini, 2000).
This sentence cites two references (Merrell & Falkow, 2004; Nisini, 2000).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Merrell & Falkow, 2004)
Three authors: (Sasaki et al., 2006)
6 or more authors: (Uemura et al., 2003)

About the journal

Full journal title	LWT
Abbreviation	Lebenson. Wiss. Technol.
ISSN (print)	0023-6438
Scope	Food Science