How to format your references using the Long Range Planning citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Long Range Planning. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Brown, J.R., 2014. Climate science: El Niño’s variable history. Nature 515, 494–495.

A journal article with 2 authors

Screen, J.A., Simmonds, I., 2010. The central role of diminishing sea ice in recent Arctic temperature amplification. Nature 464, 1334–1337.

A journal article with 3 authors

Tellis, J.C., Primer, D.N., Molander, G.A., 2014. Dual catalysis. Single-electron transmetalation in organoboron cross-coupling by photoredox/nickel dual catalysis. Science (New York, N.Y.) 345, 433–436.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Atwood, J.L., Barbour, L.J., Jerga, A., Schottel, B.L., 2002. Guest transport in a nonporous organic solid via dynamic van der Waals cooperativity. Science (New York, N.Y.) 298, 1000–1002.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Adhikari, S.K., 2005. Variational Principles and the Numerical Solution of Scattering Problems. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim, FRG.

An edited book

Caforio, G. (Ed.), 2006. Handbook of the Sociology of the Military, Handbooks of Sociology and Social Research. Springer US, Boston, MA.

A chapter in an edited book

Chhabra, A., Geist, H., Houghton, R.A., Haberl, H., Braimoh, A.K., Vlek, P.L.G., Patz, J., Xu, J., Ramankutty, N., Coomes, O., Lambin, E.F., 2006. Multiple Impacts of Land-Use/Cover Change, in: Lambin, E.F., Geist, H. (Eds.), Land-Use and Land-Cover Change: Local Processes and Global Impacts, Global Change - The IGBP Series. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp. 71–116.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Long Range Planning.

Blog post

Andrew, E., 2015. Neolithic Bling Provides Clues To Spread Of Farming In Europe [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 2014. Information Technology: Reform Initiatives Can Help Improve Efficiency and Effectiveness (No. GAO-14-671T). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Glazer, K., 2015. Imagining a constructionist game-based pedagogical model: Using tabletop role-playing game creation to enhance literature education in high school English classes (Doctoral dissertation). Pepperdine University, Malibu, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Dominus, S., 2017. Not Just Us. New York Times MM34.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Brown, 2014).
This sentence cites two references (Screen and Simmonds, 2010; Brown, 2014).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Screen and Simmonds, 2010)
Three or more authors: (Atwood et al., 2002)

About the journal

Full journal title	Long Range Planning
Abbreviation	Long Range Plann.
ISSN (print)	0024-6301
Scope	Strategy and Management Finance Geography, Planning and Development