How to format your references using the LITHOS citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for LITHOS. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Südhof, T.C., 2015. Reproducibility: Experimental mismatch in neural circuits. Nature 528, 338–339.

A journal article with 2 authors

Salichos, L., Rokas, A., 2013. Inferring ancient divergences requires genes with strong phylogenetic signals. Nature 497, 327–331.

A journal article with 3 authors

Chiappe, L.M., Salgado, L., Coria, R.A., 2001. Embryonic skulls of titanosaur sauropod dinosaurs. Science 293, 2444–2446.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Lee, R., Kermani, P., Teng, K.K., Hempstead, B.L., 2001. Regulation of cell survival by secreted proneurotrophins. Science 294, 1945–1948.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Parker, D., 2016. International Valuation Standards. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK.

An edited book

Shah, K., Lakshmi Gorty, V.R., Phirke, A. (Eds.), 2011. Technology Systems and Management: First International Conference, ICTSM 2011, Mumbai, India, February 25-27, 2011. Selected Papers, Communications in Computer and Information Science. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

A chapter in an edited book

Holte, R.C., Drummond, C., 2008. Cost-Sensitive Classifier Evaluation Using Cost Curves, in: Washio, T., Suzuki, E., Ting, K.M., Inokuchi, A. (Eds.), Advances in Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining: 12th Pacific-Asia Conference, PAKDD 2008 Osaka, Japan, May 20-23, 2008 Proceedings, Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp. 26–29.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for LITHOS.

Blog post

Hale, T., 2016. This Real-Life Loch Monster Lived In Jurassic Scotland [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 1979. Authority To Waive Claims by District of Columbia Against Employee or Former Employee (No. B-192020). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Gomez, S., 2012. Support group for caregivers coping with their child diagnosed with autism: A grant proposal (Doctoral dissertation). California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Surico, J., 2017. Model Pet? Try a Rat. New York Times MB1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Südhof, 2015).
This sentence cites two references (Salichos and Rokas, 2013; Südhof, 2015).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Salichos and Rokas, 2013)
Three or more authors: (Lee et al., 2001)

About the journal

Full journal title	LITHOS
Abbreviation	Lithos
ISSN (print)	0024-4937
Scope	Geochemistry and Petrology