How to format your references using the Lethaia citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Lethaia. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Eisenberg, R. 2009: Chemistry. Rethinking water splitting. Science (New York, N.Y.) 324, 44–45.

A journal article with 2 authors

Frey, B.J. & Dueck, D. 2007: Clustering by passing messages between data points. Science (New York, N.Y.) 315, 972–976.

A journal article with 3 authors

Vandermeer, J., Perfecto, I. & Philpott, S.M. 2008: Clusters of ant colonies and robust criticality in a tropical agroecosystem. Nature 451, 457–459.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Hu, X., Chen, D., Cui, Y., Li, Z. & Huang, J. 2013: Targeting microRNA-23a to inhibit glioma cell invasion via HOXD10. Scientific reports 3, 3423.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Cohen, M. 2010: Mind Games. Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford, UK.

An edited book

2015: Intelligent Monitoring, Control, and Security of Critical Infrastructure Systems. Kyriakides, E., Polycarpou, M. (Eds.), Studies in Computational Intelligence. , Vol. 565. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

A chapter in an edited book

Dvorkin, E.N. & Toscano, R.G. 2013: Experimental Validation of the Finite Element Models. Applications: Slotted Pipes and Axial Loads, 43–69. In: Toscano, R.G. (Ed.), Finite Element Analysis of the Collapse and Post-Collapse Behavior of Steel Pipes: Applications to the Oil Industry. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Lethaia.

Blog post

Andrews, R. 2016: Io’s Entire Atmosphere Collapses Whenever It Hides In Jupiter’s Shadow. IFLScience. Downloaded from https://www.iflscience.com/space/ios-entire-atmosphere-collapses-whenever-hides-jupiters-shadow/ on 30 October 2018.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 2001: Business Systems Modernization: IRS Has Satisfied Congressional Direction on the Custodial Accounting Project. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Youngbull, N.R. 2017: The (Un)Success of American Indian Gates Millennium Scholars Within Institutions of Higher Education.: Doctoral dissertation, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ: pp.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Vecsey, G. 2010: Coaches Come and Go, Except JoePa. New York Times, B11.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Eisenberg 2009).
This sentence cites two references (Frey & Dueck 2007; Eisenberg 2009).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Frey & Dueck 2007)
Three or more authors: (Hu et al. 2013)

About the journal

Full journal title	Lethaia
Abbreviation	Lethaia
ISSN (print)	0024-1164
ISSN (online)	1502-3931
Scope	Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics Palaeontology