How to format your references using the Leprosy Review citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Leprosy Review. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Hellemans A. Getting into good company. Nature. 2002 Apr 25;416(6883):5.

A journal article with 2 authors

Townley R, Shapiro L. Crystal structures of the adenylate sensor from fission yeast AMP-activated protein kinase. Science. 2007 Mar 23;315(5819):1726–9.

A journal article with 3 authors

Plaks V, Koopman CD, Werb Z. Cancer. Circulating tumor cells. Science. 2013 Sep 13;341(6151):1186–8.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Delgado P, Fernández E, Dave V, Kappes D, Alarcón B. CD3delta couples T-cell receptor signalling to ERK activation and thymocyte positive selection. Nature. 2000 Jul 27;406(6794):426–30.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Ibe EH. Terrestrial Radiation Effects in ULSI Devices and Electronic Systems. Singapore: John Wiley & Sons Singapore Pte. Ltd; 2014.

An edited book

Apolloni B, Howlett RJ, Jain L, editors. Knowledge-Based Intelligent Information and Engineering Systems: 11th International Conference, KES 2007, XVII Italian Workshop on Neural Networks, Vietri sul Mare, Italy, September 12-14, 2007. Proceedings, Part II. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2007. LXIV, 1372 p. (Lecture Notes in Computer Science; vol. 4693).

A chapter in an edited book

Androulidakis I, Kioupakis F–. E. Intercepting Fixed Line Telephony. In: Kioupakis F–. E, editor. Industrial Espionage and Technical Surveillance Counter Measurers. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016. p. 37–49.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Leprosy Review.

Blog post

Hamilton K. Poaching Increases African Elephants Born Without Tusks [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2016 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/poaching-increases-african-elephants-born-without-tusks/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Federal Research: Lessons Learned From SEMATECH. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1992 Sep. Report No.: RCED-92-283.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Delaney RM. A qualitative descriptive case study explaining professional development in community corrections [Doctoral dissertation]. [Phoenix, AZ]: University of Phoenix; 2014.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Gordon L. Who’s White? New York Times. 2010 Mar 28;BR1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Leprosy Review
Abbreviation	Lepr. Rev.
ISSN (print)	0305-7518
Scope	General Medicine