How to format your references using the Leprosy Review citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Leprosy Review. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Fishell G. Hurricane Sandy: After the deluge. Nature. 2013 Apr 25;496(7446):421–2.

A journal article with 2 authors

Dobson DP, Brodholt JP. Subducted banded iron formations as a source of ultralow-velocity zones at the core-mantle boundary. Nature. 2005 Mar 17;434(7031):371–4.

A journal article with 3 authors

McCloskey J, Nalbant SS, Steacy S. Indonesian earthquake: earthquake risk from co-seismic stress. Nature. 2005 Mar 17;434(7031):291.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Onishi Y, Ueha T, Kawamoto T, Hara H, Toda M, Harada R, et al. Regulation of mitochondrial proliferation by PGC-1α induces cellular apoptosis in musculoskeletal malignancies. Sci Rep. 2014 Jan 29;4:3916.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

PKF International Ltd. Wiley IFRS 2017 Interpretation and Application of IFRS Standards. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2017.

An edited book

Kishen A, editor. Nanotechnology in Endodontics: Current and Potential Clinical Applications. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2015. XII, 199 p. 61 illus., 38 illus. in color.

A chapter in an edited book

Poteat VP, Scheer JR, Chong ESK. Sexual Orientation-Based Disparities in School and Juvenile Justice Discipline Practices: Attending to Contributing Factors and Evidence of Bias. In: Skiba RJ, Mediratta K, Rausch MK, editors. Inequality in School Discipline: Research and Practice to Reduce Disparities. New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan US; 2016. p. 61–78.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Leprosy Review.

Blog post

Davis J. Injected Nanoparticles Could Stop Internal Bleeding [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/nanoparticles-could-stop-internal-bleeding/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. NASA Issues. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1992 Dec. Report No.: OCG-93-27TR.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Miranda PJ. Tightly-coupled sulfur-cycling microbial mats of the White Point hydrothermal vent field, CA: An analog for deep-sea vents [Doctoral dissertation]. [Long Beach, CA]: California State University, Long Beach; 2015.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Feeney K. Eating at the Mega-Market. New York Times. 2009 Mar 1;NJ10.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Leprosy Review
Abbreviation	Lepr. Rev.
ISSN (print)	0305-7518
Scope	General Medicine