How to format your references using the Learning Environments Research citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Learning Environments Research. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Adam, D. (2000). Industrial solvents: clean and green...but are they mean? Nature, 407(6807), 938–940.

A journal article with 2 authors

Suits, A. G., & Parker, D. H. (2014). Photochemistry. Hot molecules--off the beaten path. Science (New York, N.Y.), 346(6205), 30–31.

A journal article with 3 authors

LeCun, Y., Bengio, Y., & Hinton, G. (2015). Deep learning. Nature, 521(7553), 436–444.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Egas, M., Kats, R., van der Sar, X., Reuben, E., & Sabelis, M. W. (2013). Human cooperation by lethal group competition. Scientific reports, 3, 1373.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Bajorski, P. (2011). Statistics for Imaging, Optics, and Photonics: Bajorski/Statistics for Imaging. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Ghorpade, S. R. (2010). A Course in Multivariable Calculus and Analysis. (B. V. Limaye, Ed.). New York, NY: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Isac, G. (2008). Scalar Asymptotic Contractivity and Fixed Points for Nonexpansive Mappings on Unbounded Sets. In A. Chinchuluun, P. M. Pardalos, A. Migdalas, & L. Pitsoulis (Eds.), Pareto Optimality, Game Theory And Equilibria (pp. 119–130). New York, NY: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Learning Environments Research.

Blog post

Hamilton, K. (2016, September 7). Swine Flu Doesn’t Just Pass From Pigs To People – It Goes Both Ways. IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/swine-flu-doesnt-just-pass-from-pigs-to-people-it-goes-both-ways/. Accessed 30 October 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1992). Amtrak: Information on Amtrak’s Operating Expenses (No. RCED-92-177FS). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Bortle, C. D. (2010). The role of mnemonic acronyms in clinical emergency medicine: A grounded theory study (Doctoral dissertation). University of Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Burghardt, L. F. (2006, January 15). The Dog Wants to Go Out. Subversive Action Is Likely to Follow. New York Times, p. 14LI12.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Adam 2000).
This sentence cites two references (Adam 2000; Suits and Parker 2014).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Suits and Parker 2014)
Three or more authors: (Egas et al. 2013)

About the journal

Full journal title	Learning Environments Research
Abbreviation	Learn. Environ. Res.
ISSN (print)	1387-1579
ISSN (online)	1573-1855
Scope	Developmental and Educational Psychology Education Communication