How to format your references using the Learning Environments Research citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Learning Environments Research. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Gershon, D. (2000). Changing the face of training for science at the interface. Nature, 404(6775), 315–316.

A journal article with 2 authors

Schwabe, R. F., & Wang, T. C. (2012). Cancer. Bacteria deliver a genotoxic hit. Science (New York, N.Y.), 338(6103), 52–53.

A journal article with 3 authors

Xue, P., Qin, H., & Tang, B. (2014). Trapping photons on the line: controllable dynamics of a quantum walk. Scientific reports, 4, 4825.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Webster, P. J., Holland, G. J., Curry, J. A., & Chang, H.-R. (2005). Changes in tropical cyclone number, duration, and intensity in a warming environment. Science (New York, N.Y.), 309(5742), 1844–1846.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Duffy, D. J. (2006). Finite Difference Methods in Financial Engineering. Oxford, UK: John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

An edited book

Wada, H., & Murata, N. (Eds.). (2010). Lipids in Photosynthesis: Essential and Regulatory Functions (Vol. 30). Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands.

A chapter in an edited book

Kaski, P., & Östergård, P. R. J. (2006). Auxiliary Algorithms. In P. R. J. Östergård (Ed.), Classification Algorithms for Codes and Designs (pp. 145–173). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Learning Environments Research.

Blog post

Fang, J. (2014, June 18). Brown Bears Enjoy Oral Sex. IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/brown-bears-enjoy-oral-sex/. Accessed 30 October 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1981). Review of a Computer Hardware Acquisition for NOAA in Boulder, Colorado (No. AFMD-81-92). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Felix, R. C. (2015). Strengthening relationships for siblings in foster families: A grant proposal (Doctoral dissertation). California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Leland, J. (2016, December 30). The ‘Oldest Old’ Brave Another Year. New York Times, p. MB1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Gershon 2000).
This sentence cites two references (Gershon 2000; Schwabe and Wang 2012).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Schwabe and Wang 2012)
Three or more authors: (Webster et al. 2005)

About the journal

Full journal title	Learning Environments Research
Abbreviation	Learn. Environ. Res.
ISSN (print)	1387-1579
ISSN (online)	1573-1855
Scope	Developmental and Educational Psychology Education Communication