How to format your references using the Lasers in Medical Science citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Lasers in Medical Science. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Dial KP (2003) Wing-assisted incline running and the evolution of flight. Science 299:402–404

A journal article with 2 authors

Dar-Nimrod I, Heine SJ (2006) Exposure to scientific theories affects women’s math performance. Science 314:435

A journal article with 3 authors

Huang X, Xu Y, Karato S-I (2005) Water content in the transition zone from electrical conductivity of wadsleyite and ringwoodite. Nature 434:746–749

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Greenwood RC, Franchi IA, Jambon A, et al (2006) Oxygen isotope variation in stony-iron meteorites. Science 313:1763–1765

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Smith DA, van de Waterbeemd H, Walker DK (2006) Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism in Drug Design: SMITH: PHARMACOKINETICS AND METABOLISM IN DRUG DESIGN O-BK. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim, FRG

An edited book

Eisenberg RL, Margulis AR (2008) The Right Imaging Study: A Guide for Physicians. Springer, New York, NY

A chapter in an edited book

Altenhofen M, Farahbod R (2010) Bârun: A Scripting Language for CoreASM. In: Frappier M, Glässer U, Khurshid S, et al (eds) Abstract State Machines, Alloy, B and Z: Second International Conference, ABZ 2010, Orford, QC, Canada, February 22-25, 2010. Proceedings. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 47–60

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Lasers in Medical Science.

Blog post

Hamilton K (2016) In Defence Of Wasps: Why Squashing Them Comes With A Sting In The Tale. In: IFLScience. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1974) Need for a National Weather Modification Reseach Program. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Caverly RS (2010) Marketing masculinity: Male identity, boy culture, and the Boy Scouts of America 1900–1940. Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Brantley B (2016) A Floury Farce Leavened With Kitchen-Sink Realism in a Poignant Look at Breadmakers. New York Times C1

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Lasers in Medical Science
Abbreviation	Lasers Med. Sci.
ISSN (print)	0268-8921
ISSN (online)	1435-604X
Scope	Dermatology Surgery